By 1850, about 3.2 million slaves labored in the United States, 1.8 million of whom worked in the cotton fields. Soon after, the movement disintegrated. Alcohol in many forms had been an important part of the diet of Americans from the founding of the colonies onward. After the conspiracy was quelled, white Charlestonians accused black congregations of the same offense: falsifying and misinterpreting the Bible. The Burned-Over District was not only the site of revivals of the Protestant denominations of the Second Great Awakening, but also the birthplace of new religious movements such as the Millerites, a millennial group who preached that the Second Advent (or second coming) of Jesus was imminent. \text{ASSETS}\\ Saw both individuals and society at large as capable of indefinite improvement. For the most part, it appealed to the elite of society. Antebellum Reforms: A Women's Rights Movement. What were the aims of prisons, asylums, and other institutions in this period of social Frederick Douglass, an escaped slave, was a key leader of this society who often spoke at its meetings. Women joined and actively participated in abolitionist organizations such as the Anti-Slavery Society; they sponsored events such as the Anti-Slavery Convention of American Women. The movements shared a common support base: many abolitionists supported or were active in the womens rights movement, or vice versa. In 1833, Garrison was among the group that founded the American Anti-Slavery Society. Some of this came from a lack of understanding; in other cases, it was overt prejudice. Additional information is as follows: In the South, the movement became more conservative over time, and generally supported the system of slavery. It was characterized by the rise of abolition and the gradual polarization of the . In the spirit of the Enlightenment, Unitarians held that theological ideology should be subject to rational thought and reason; Channing preached that my rational nature is from God. Unitarians attested to the oneness of God. As strict monotheists, Unitarians viewed Jesus as a saintly man, but not divine. The movement began in the 1830s and revealed the growing consensus among northern free blacks on the importance of moral reform. Give Me Liberty! ) Moral reform groups promoted temperance, or abstinence from alcohol. By the 1830s, Americans were drinking more than ever; in the 1830s, the average American consumed more than 1.5 bottles of liquor a week. Today, the influence of the Restoration Movement is seen in the Church of Christ and the Disciples of Christ churches. By the 1820s, the Methodist and Baptist churches were the largest evangelical denominations. The colonizationist scheme of the early 1800s proved to be popular among black abolitionists. Angelina later married Theodore Dwight Weld, a prominent abolitionist preacher. \text{Additional Paid-In Capital}& 3,000,000 &2,400,000\\ What were the similarities between the common school and the institutions like asylums, orphanages, and prisons that were created by reformers? The American relationship with alcohol was not an issue that was resolved in the era of reform. For the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited. Ministers such as Connecticut Presbyterian Lyman Beecher also spoke out against alcohol as a societal evil. \textbf{Current Liabilities}\\ As the movement progressed throughout the South, the many preachers used Biblical passages to support and bolster the institution of slavery and the role of white man as patriarch in model of the Old Testament: master to slaves, women, and children alike. These include: 1. The antebellum period was marked by several major slave uprisings. Dr. William Ellery Channing, one of the leading preachers and theologians of the Unitarian Church, preached on the great potential of humans. Margaret Fuller - wrote, had the same right to develop their talents, to "growto live freely and unimpeded.". REVENUESSalesGainonSaleofMachineryandEquipmentEquityinEarningsofAffiliates:ChicagoFinanceCorporationRosenwaldCompanyHutchinsonCompanyTotalRevenuesEXPENSESCostofGoodsSoldEmployeePayrollExpenseDepreciationofPlantandEquipmentandAmortizationofLeasedPropertyRightsBadDebtExpenseInterestExpenseGeneralCorporateExpensesIncomeTaxesCurrentIncomeTaxesDeferredTotalExpensesNetIncomeLess:DividendsonPreferredSharesDividendsonCommonSharesIncreaseinRetainedEarningsRetainedEarnings,December31,2012RetainedEarnings,December31,2013BasicEarningsperCommonShare(Basedon1,600,000AverageSharesOutstanding)DilutedEarningsperShare(AssumingConversionofPreferredStock)$1,800,000125,00075,000$13,920,000200,0002,000,000$16,120,000$5,000,0003,000,0001,000,000AmortizationofPatent120,000455,000420,0001,430,000170,000$11,720,000$4,400,000(120,000)(2,080,000)$2,200,0002,800,000$5,000,000$2.68$2.20125,000, Chicago Corporation b. For some members of the movement, the idea meant the end of slavery; for others, it was an answer for racial tensions in the United States. Required A key moment came in 1840, when the Anti-Slavery Society split after a woman, Abigail Kelley, was nominated to serve on one of the Societys committees. The ____________ refers to an area of New York that was so affected by the Second Great Awakening that there was no more fuel to burn for the fire of religion. Revivals also created a widely known group of respected black leaders, many among them preachers associated with the movement. Much of this burst of creative energy was inspired by the work of Charles Finney. Determined to make abolitionism a political movement, the seceders formed the Liberty Party, which nominated James G. Birney as its candidate for president. Each of these movements worked for freedom and emancipation and to grant a greater body of rights to two of the groups on the periphery of American society. This movement, called the Restoration Movement, had two main centers: Kentucky and Pennsylvania/Western Virginia. \text{Depreciation of Plant and Equipment and Amortization}\\ Channings 1819 Unitarian Christianity sermon, which outlined many of the core beliefs of the new American sect, such as a belief in human goodness and rejection of the Trinity, inspired many churches to adopt Unitarianism. For many slaves, the message was a promise of freedom, either in this world or in the afterlife. \text{Bad Debt Expense} &&120,000\\ Preachers of the revival movement preached the equality of all before God but generally did not challenge the institution of slavery in much of the South. - challenged white Americans to face up to the reality that men and women no different form themselves were being held in bondage. The antebellum period of America was an era of change. Accessibility StatementFor more information contact us atinfo@libretexts.orgor check out our status page at https://status.libretexts.org. A company has net sales of $489,600\$ 489,600$489,600 and average accounts receivable of $40,800\$ 40,800$40,800. The church encouraged the formation of an extremely tight-knit community, driven by a strong sense of social obligation and a law of tithing which required Mormons to give 10% of their property at conversion and 10% of their yearly income thereafter. The Second Great Awakening began in the 1790s and, by the 1820s, had emerged as a major religious movement. Finney also encouraged women to speak publicly in witness or testimony in these mixed-sex gatherings. There are two main strands of literature on the antislavery origins of the sectional crisis. White abolitionists tended to see free and slave as two polar opposites; black abolitionists knew that there were varying degrees of freedom and slavery. Named after Thomas More's sixteenth-century novel Utopia, an outline of a perfect society. Preferred Pace of Life At the same time, the Second Great Awaking stressed the notion of personal responsibility and the responsibility of a person to the sins of neighbors. Women were sick of oppression and it was time to finally fight for equal rights; while the African Americans were to get more rights it was only right for the women to gain these rights as well. Transatlantic cooperation galvanized efforts to reform individuals' and societies' relationships to alcohol, labor, religion, education, commerce, and land ownership. Antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them. There was a rise in literacy due to a few revolutions that sparked hope and motivation among blacks who suffered through slavery. Why? Douglass was perhaps the most famous, influential, and vocal black abolitionist. In addition to cotton, the great commodity of the antebellum South was human chattel. \quad\text{Total}& \$14,000,000 &\$13,200,000\\ The early message also empowered African Americans, free and enslaved. 30.4130.4130.41 Significantly, Gabriel forbade the conspirators to kill Methodists and Quakers, groups that were actively seeking manumission for slaves in the area at this time. There she found the inmates, some of them mentally ill (whom Dix refers to as lunatics), housed in filthy conditions in unheated cells. The Americans made up a tiny minority of the population but dominated Liberian politics until the 1980s. Workhouses were established to keep the poor from drunkenness, idleness, and gambling. Gabriels Rebellion of 1800 grew in part out of a series of revival meetings in the area of Richmond, Virginia. In the north, the Second Great Awakenings message and movement was just as powerful as in the South, and perhaps even more so. Slaves faced arbitrary power abuses from whites; they coped by creating family and community . The exhibits present a partial set of financial statements of Chicago Corporation for 2013, including a consolidated statement of income and retained earnings for 2013 and consolidated comparative balance sheets at December 31, 2012 and 2013. Smith described Moroni as a son of the prophet Mormon and the last of the Nephites, descendants of Hebrews who had travelled to the Americas sometime around 500 BCE. Because it was generally inclusive of everyone, the message was spread to men and women, to rich and poor, and among slaves and free blacks alike. For the most part, colonizationists accepted the idea of black inferiority. Over the course of the nineteenth century, many towns and counties became dry. Perhaps the greatest legislative victory for the temperance movement during the era of reform was Maines shortlived total ban on alcohol from 1851-1856. Antebellum Reform Imagination A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the American Studies Program The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Robert Kent Nelson 2006. - antebellum culture in America reflected the growing sectional crisis, at times seeking to pave over sectional differences and at other times making light of them - for the most part the reforms were a part of internal turmoil and the international scope was very limited Students also viewed Chapter 12 questions 10 terms emaust Book: United States History to 1877 (Locks et al. Baptists and Methodists preached that all could achieve salvation and that all people were equal before God. Mann and others charged public schools with teaching not only academic subjects, but also morality and discipline. In 1837, Angelina wrote to William Lloyd Garrisons The Liberator. \text{Increase in Retained Earnings}&& \$ 2,200,000\\ utopian communities (p. 434) \quad\text{Total Revenues}&& \$16,120,000\\ Moreover, black congregations could not hold religious meetings without a licensed white minister present, presumably to assure that the right messages on slavery and freedom were the only ones presented from the pulpit. After Turners execution, lawyer Thomas Grey published The Confessions of Nat Turner, an account of his conversations with Turner before he was tried. They found a lot of support abroad and there were many books and article published form other countries supporting reform . The struggle to end slavery has a long history both globally and in the United States; indeed, the struggle to end slavery emerged at roughly the same time as slavery itself. Although Vesey's plans failed, southerners became terrified of losing control over slaves. The meetings typically lasted three to five days and were meant to reawaken or revive ones religious faith through an intense, emotional experience. The health reform experience of the past decade does provide a number of more specific lessons for us. - people brought ideas from different countries, across the Atlantic, Give Me Liberty Ch. \quad\text{of \$100,000 in 2012 and \$160,000 in 2013)}& 600,000 &500,000\\ Others simply tempered their message of spiritual equality and did not overtly challenge slavery. Nevertheless, the American Colonization Society (ACS) emerged as the main voice of colonizationists in the United States. Although black and white abolitionists worked closely together in the movement and usually worked well together, African Americans experienced racial prejudice even within the abolitionist movement. The movement began in Europe in the 1700s with the growth of the Baptist movement and the foundation of the Methodist church. \quad\text{Total}& \$12,000,000 &\$ 9,200,000\\ The response to these conditions was the 1826 creation of the American Temperance Society in Boston, Massachusetts. The movements shared a common support base, and many abolitionists advocated, or were active in, the womens rights movement, or vice versa. Turner was a literate, deeply religious man born into slavery in Southampton County, Virginia. Why did so many prominent white Americans, from both the North and South, support the colonization of freed slaves? The antebellum reform movements were based in a network of voluntary, church-affiliated reform organizations. If they openly challenged the institution of slavery, slave owners would not allow their slaves to attend revival meetings or to hear the message. Tax-supported state school systems open to all children. 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