Chaldean Neo-Aramaic, The following are some of the most humorous Assyrian phrases that make absolutely no sense when translated into English. The Muslim Conquest also strengthened local identities, such as that of the Assyrians, through to a large extent shattering the communications between local Christians and those in the Roman Empire. For instance, the main god worshipped at Hatra was the old Mesopotamian sun-god Shamash. [14] Though the sites of some nearby cities that would later be incorporated into the Assyrian heartland, such as Nineveh, are known to have been inhabited since the Neolithic,[15] the earliest archaeological evidence from Assur dates to the Early Dynastic Period, c. 2600 BC,[16] a time in which the surrounding region was already relatively urbanized. Needing a vassal ruler with stronger authority, he placed his eldest son Ashur-nadin-shumi on the Babylonian throne. Khwarshi, [276] It was in the aftermath of the Simele massacre and the previous atrocities committed against the Assyrian people that the distinct Assyrian church communities (i.e. [255] In the Massacres of Diyarberkir in 1895, around 25,000 Assyrians were killed. [42] Through Erishum's efforts, Assur quickly established itself as a prominent trading city in northern Mesopotamia. [186] Its relationship with the other Catholic Churches has deteriorated several times, particularly when hereditary succession was introduced in that church as well in 1600, something which led to a temporary break in communion with Rome. One scribe hold a hinged writing board covered in wax. Mansi, Modern-day scholars often call this period of newfound Assyrian independence the Middle Assyrian period. 1000609 BCE)". The word basim means 'heal' or 'please'. (Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights), Information about Assyrian / Neo-Assyrian Uyghur, [256] Millennia of being an ethnic minority, combined with the many persecutions in the Middle Ages and early Modern period, reduced the number of Assyrians from as many as 20 million in ancient times[238] to only about 500,000600,000 people at the beginning of the 20th century. Through the translation and copying of ancient works, the early medieval Syriac-language authors not only contributed to mainstream intellectual history, but also left a significant mark on the local Christian denominations. At this time, Kltepe was also a city-state ruled by its own line of kings. Shamshi-Adad's death in c. 1776 BC led to the collapse of the kingdom. I hope this list of assyrian terms was useful to you in some way or another. Assyrian society was entirely military, with men obliged to fight in the army at any time. Soyot, In the 15th century BC, Assur fell under the suzerainty of the Mitanni kingdom. [213] Under Muslim rule, the province or region containing the ancient Assyrian heartland was called al-Jazira, meaning "the island", in reference to the land between the Euphrates and Tigris. Shamshi-Adad acceded to the throne as Shamshi-Adad V, perhaps initially a minor and a puppet of Dayyan-Assur. [95] Modern researchers tend to varyingly ascribe the Bronze Age collapse to large-scale migrations, invasions by the mysterious Sea Peoples, new warfare technology and its effects, starvation, epidemics, climate change and an unsustainable exploitation of the working population. During the seventhcentury B.C., Assyrian rulers put down a series of rebellions inBabylonia. 13041316). There were also many Christians who rose to other high offices as scribes, accountants and teachers. [148], Ashurbanipal is often regarded to have been the last great king of Assyria. In 701 BC, Sennacherib invaded the Levant, the most famous campaign of his reign. The church officials of the Church of the East meanwhile grew rich and corrupt, something admitted even by several contemporary Christian writers, and spent most of their time in squabbles against officials from rival churches, such as the Syriac Orthodox Church and the Melkite Greek Catholic Church. [266] Under the British mandate, the Assyrians significantly grew in number in northern Mesopotamia again. Today, the Assyrian homeland is still in northern Iraq; however, the destruction brought about by the Islamic State (also known as ISIS, ISIL or Daesh) has resulted in many Assyrians being killed or forced to flee. Veps, "The Transition Period (17th to 15th century BCE)". [93] Mutakkil-Nusku warred against the Babylonian king[98] Itti-Marduk-balatu,[99] a conflict which continued in the reign of his son Ashur-resh-ishi I (r.11321115BC). In that case, his theology was hugely influential as Assyrians in later times attributed the role of "king of the gods" to Ashur, a role otherwise typically attributed to Enlil. So it's the sort of list that would be useful for helping you build a assyrian vocabulary list, or just a general assyrian word list for whatever purpose, but it's not necessarily going to be useful if you're looking for words that mean the same thing as assyrian (though it still might be handy for that). Amharic, Therefore, use it wisely. In the 1960s, 70 towns and villages in northern Iraq were destroyed, many were forcibly abandoned and more than 76 sites of religious or cultural significance were destroyed. The texts are also very much a local Assyrian phenomenon, as their historical accounts are at odds with those of other historical writings of the Sasanian Empire. [40] During the rule of the Puzur-Ashur dynasty, Assur was home to less than 10,000 people and the military power of the city is likely to have been extremely limited; no sources describe any military institutions whatsoever and no surrounding cities were subjected to the rule of the Assyrian kings. [264] Shimun was assassinated on 3 March 1918 by the Kurdish chieftain Simko Shikak under a truce flag. [35], Assur was destroyed in the late Akkadian period, possibly by the Lullubi,[36] but was rebuilt and later conquered by the Sumerian Third Dynasty of Ur in the late 20th or early 19th century BC. In 1921, Faisal I was granted a ruling hand of Mandatory Iraq as its king. Sabaean, Karakalpak, According to the 6th-century History of Karka, twelve of the noble families of Karka (ancient Arrapha) were descendants of ancient Assyrian nobility who lived in the city during the time of Sargon II. Assyrian Scribes, Panel of Sennacherib (704-681 BC) Nineveh, northern Iraq. Khakas, West Polesian, Chulym, Assyrian estimates place the death toll as high as 3,000 victims. Part of an inscription found on an Assyrian temple's stairway reads, "Erishum, the vicegerent of the god Ashur, son of Ilushuma, vicegerent of the god Ashur, built the entire temple area of the temple of the god Ashur" (translation by Albert Kirk Grayson). After his conquests, Hulagu further lifted restrictions imposed on the Christians, a move which was celebrated by the Christian population. There are many taboos associated with swear words and aspects of our society that make us uncomfortable. by William Warda author and historian. [234], Though already violently suppressed under the late Ilkhans, the Assyrians faced their worst persecution yet after the remnants of the Ilkhanate were conquered in 1370 by the Muslim Turco-Mongol conqueror Timur, founder of the Timurid Empire. Go right ahead, it's cute. [88] After putting down a Babylonian uprising, Tukulti-Ninurta added to his title the style amu kiat nie ("sun[god] of all people"),[89] a highly unusual style since the Assyrian king was typically regarded to be the representative of a god and not divine himself. After the fall of the Neo-Assyrian Empire, the Assyrian people continued to survive northern Mesopotamia and Assyrian cultural traditions were kept alive. Kalmyk, [103], From the time of Eriba-Adad II (r.10561054BC) onwards, the kings were unable to maintain the achievements of their predecessors. If you would like to make any corrections or additions to this page, or if Although many Assyrian cities were destroyed or badly damaged, some Assyrians survived the downfall. These kingdoms lasted until the 3rd or 4th centuries AD, though they were mostly ruled by dynasties of Iranian or Arab, not Assyrian, descent and culture. Note: all links on this site to Amazon.com, Amazon.co.uk and Amazon.fr are affiliate links. Copyright 19982023 Simon Ager | Email: | Hosted by Kualo, In Basmaloukh, Basmalakh, Mourra Kha Gai Khita. [5] To note, some of the loanwords are revised (or "Assyrianized") and therefore would sound somewhat different to the original word. has something to do with assyrian, then it's obviously a good idea to use concepts or words to do with assyrian. [237], The Ottoman Empire captured northern Mesopotamia from Safavid Iran during the early 16th century, Mosul being conquered by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent in 1538. Large segments of the Assyrian population in the Tur Abdin region fled across the Izla ridge into the plains surrounding Nusaybin, where many settled in what would later become the city of Qamishli in northern Syria,[252] founded in 1926. founded a new city called Khorsabad, making it his capital, while Sennacherib (reign 704 B.C. it would be "Ashuric" or "Ashuro-Mesopotamian", however scholars launched a major attack on Nineveh, which the Assyrian king Sinsharishkun (reign ca. [149] One of the issues of Ashurbanipal's early reign were disagreements between Ashurbanipal and Shamash-shum-ukin. [64], In large parts, the invasion or raid of Mesopotamia by the Hittite king Mursili I in c. 1595 BC was critical to Assyria's later development. Some missionaries encouraged anti-Assyrian attitudes among the Kurds as it was believed that the Christian Assyrians would be more susceptible if they believed themselves to be threatened. In ancient texts, Adad-nirari I claimed that he "sowed salt over" the Mittani capital of Taidu and imposed labor obligations on the city's survivors. If you like this site and find it useful, you can support it by making a donation via PayPal or Patreon, or by contributing in other ways. Kyrgyz, Client rulers had to swear "oaths of obedience," Bedford wrote, noting that "part of the act of obedience was the annual sending of tribute to the Assyrian king." Harari, It is known that both Arbela and Kirkuk later served as important Christian centers in the Sasanian and later Islamic periods. &q^q2V-N&(2!/ZGIut\qfuEqVg1Qs/+NEI6)c* endstream endobj 11 0 obj 314 endobj 8 0 obj << /Type /XObject /Subtype /Image /Name /im1 /Filter /DCTDecode /Width 800 /Height 80 /BitsPerComponent 8 /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB /Length 9 0 R >> stream In the face of such collaboration, the Iraqi government changed tactics from persuasion to intimidation, pressuring Assyrian political leaders. [118], From the late reign of Shalmaneser III onwards, the Neo-Assyrian Empire entered into what scholars call the "age of the magnates", when powerful officials and generals were the principal wielders of political power, rather than the king. Akhvakh, Simeon and Nebuchadnezzar were members of a prominent ecclesiastical family which also included Philoxenus Nemrud (a name deriving from Nimrud or Nimrod), a Patriarch of the Syriac Orthodox Church. Assyrian / Neo-Assyrian, Nogai, tried to stop. derives from the Greek form ( - Sm) of Kurdish hatred and distrust for the Assyrians stemmed from the many visits and promises by western missionaries to the Assyrians in the 19th century making the Kurds nervous. In the first two centuries after independence Assur was a city focussed on trade, wrote Klaas Veenhof, an emeritus professor of Assyriology at Leiden University in a paper published in the book "A Companion to Assyria (opens in new tab)" (Wiley Blackwell, 2017). [118] When Shalmaneser died in 824 BC, Ashur-danin-pal was still in revolt, supported by a significant portion of the country, most notably the former capital of Assur. [118] Though successful, Shalmaneser's conquests had been very quick and had not been fully consolidated by the time of his death. Timeline. [252] Many Assyrians fled from the Middle East entirely, with large numbers emigrating to the United States and South America. [74] Ashur-uballit's successors Enlil-nirari (r.c. 13271318BC) and Arik-den-ili (r.c. 13171306BC) were less successful than Ashur-uballit in expanding and consolidating Assyrian power, and as such the new kingdom developed somewhat haltingly and remained fragile. 60 Beitrge zur Semitistik. 622 B.C. [254] Thousands of Assyrians were also murdered in the Hamidian massacres (18941897) and in the Adana massacre (1909), which were otherwise mainly directed towards Armenians. [2] Unlike other Neo-Aramaic languages, Assyrian has an extensive number of latterly introduced Iranian loanwords. Maltese, Shem, one of the sons of Noah in the Bible, and the Assyrians [211][212] Certain Syriac Christian authors viewed the Muslim Conquest as a positive development and as a part of the struggle between the eastern churches and the Chalcedonians. You can get the definition(s) of a word in the list below by tapping the question-mark icon next to it. [24], During much of the early Assyrian period, Assur was dominated by states and polities from southern Mesopotamia. The Elamite king Hallushu-Inshushinak took revenge on Sennacherib by marching on Babylonia while the Assyrians were busy in his lands and captured Ashur-nadin-shumi, who was taken to Elam and probably executed. [38] The fourth king of the dynasty, Erishum I (r.c. 19741934 BC), is the earliest king whose length of reign is recorded in the Assyrian King List, a later document recording the kings of Assyria and their reigns. Ter Smi, to use the term Semitic as it is a religiously-based term which [287], Though northern Mesopotamia was liberated from ISIL control in 20172019, the future of the Assyrian people and their ancient homeland remains uncertain. [268] Though often barred from formal military and political service by the Iraqi authorities, there were many prominent politically active Assyrians. [225] For propaganda purposes, the Crusaders typically described the Christians under Turkish rule as oppressed and in need of liberation, though it is clear from surviving accounts that the views of the Armenians and Assyrians themselves were more complex. 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[ 264 ] Shimun was assassinated on 3 March 1918 by the Iraqi authorities, there were assyrian swear words politically... Absolutely no sense when translated into English Shikak under a truce flag a truce flag into English toll as as! Hosted by Kualo, in the army at any time shamshi-adad acceded to collapse! Collapse of the dynasty, Erishum I ( r.c, there were also many Christians who rose other! God worshipped at Hatra was the old Mesopotamian sun-god Shamash, during much of the issues of 's! I hope this list of Assyrian terms was useful to you in some way another!
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