But with mere months left, life may be far too short to help Philip or to compete with him for the hearts and minds of the group members. :)). Philip also challenged the other members of the group as well as Julius. The words seem miserly Yalom invests too deeply in Schopenahuers life and articulates too clearly the tenets of Schopenhauers philosophy to think he is unworthy of contemplation. . Transference in therapy is the act of the client unknowingly transferring feelings about someone from their past onto the therapist. /Creator () Philip was suffering a great deal from his attachments, and while in this state of suffering, could not begin to differentiate the good aspects of his attachments from the bad. In his deeply engaging book, Tribe, Sebastian Junger explores a similar idea in the more tangible structure of the Iroquois government. . Julius insists that Philip join his therapy group, where he learns how and why to relate to others. (2017, Feb 03). Philip Slate a former sexual addict, who has modeled his life after Schopenhauer, and thinks life can be explained through philosophy. Is Yalom correct then, that complete detachment is impossible, or is that just the tempting voice of the human will/ego? How shall we live? Never the ideas its always the relationship. Throughout the story, Beth has to. He was trying to get Bonnie to see that she takes situations or comments and then punishes herself with them. The novel presents its characters and lives with them whilst they attempt to grapple with personal issues, relationship problems and even the terminal diagnosis of the group therapist, Dr. Julius Hertzfeld. There are other times when Julius uses transparency. How to live with the knowledge that we are simply life-forms, thrown into an indifferent universe, with no preordained purpose? (Yalom, 331). And for both the solution is the same: the more one has in oneself, the less one will want from others (Yalom, 2005, p. 157). Philosophy Now 2023. ( ) . Instead, I think Yalom is expounding a much more complicated thesis on the contextual over universal applicability of different philosophies and the dangers of an unevolving capital T Truth. Tony sided with Pam and questioned some of Philips statements, whereas Rebecca defended Philip against Tonys attacks. It is also a fine testament to the authors It goes something like this: We climb the hill of life, unaware of the death waiting on the other side of the hill. Thus, Julius and Philip make a deal with each other. Through all Schopenhauers brooding pessimism and the heaviness of the self-reflective questions which it compels, there is a certain lightness and compassion that manages to shine through if you squint your eyes hard enough. . all in relating to other people. Philips world is viewed through a Schopenhauerian lens that appears to give comfort and afford the understanding he needs. . Retrieved from https://phdessay.com/the-schopenhauer-cure/, Hire skilled expert and get original paper in 3+ hours, Run a free check or have your essay done for you, Didn`t find the right sample? to say. Philip But nestled beneath the title of Yaloms , . Through this model, he is able to break from his endless cycle of desire and sex, recognize his own agency, and engage in a more examined life. Choose skilled expert on your subject and get original paper with free plagiarism As the group gives Bonnie and Rebecca feedback, the criticism is not always taken happily. Yet Philip claims to be cured -- miraculously transformed by the pessimistic teachings of German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer -- and is, himself, a philosophical counselor in training. Essentially the patient produced material indicating his analysis of a transference distortion, beyond the awareness of his therapist. or ask your favorite author a question with Julius then moves into another technique. Rebecca, on the other hand, used to stop conversation when she walked into restaurants. Bonnie cannot tolerate being unpopular, whereas Rebecca cannot tolerate being no longer popular Happiness, for the both of them, lies in the hands and heads of others. : " " . No one who has known me has loved me. new book The Schopenhauer Cure are the words, A Novel. When Pam returns to the group from her retreat, the mood immediately becomes darker when she sees Philip in her cozy group. He started to make eye-contact and use the group members names when addressing them in conversation. An offer of a grand tour of Europe, something he could not refuse, sealed his fate. Each group member brings different life experiences, opinions, and feedback to the table. Reviewed by Sepehr Hafizi, MSc, MRCPsych. [Trqlb/{{}qD%(=G")v"0U*}M[+\~R8I~5keu9Sj$rbIdM1a ^~[*%mm-m/M\[0ZEw+aE|@I.({6rSK[/8Y1rmVH/n]}[G3[xH~;&&8t}t3%:(s1MtMz\^cZ7TIV{a5W-8r2lUt:[0VIski:K`i^[kkiVg 4^E-Wq_~*]U`2"-._pjG_k]U7(k9F+ I?P_6M[fY swI}uV >U[}t . For an example, when Bonnie is transferring her feelings about her childhood on to Rebecca, Julius prompts the group members to address it specifically Stuart and Gill. These are my personal views on ethics and they are not intended to represent the views of Conway Hall Ethical Society. Three years later, Pam, Tony and Philip have become friends and are still meeting at the same caf they used to meet at after their group therapy finished, but the other members have moved on with their lives. Since we are all, and must always be, imperfect, we can choose not to weigh ourselves down with too much judgement for these imperfections. [++z14RgG^Vd~7uinL7l@"knjZTU>VjI;2(_\Ve6h@LqHL`cakYraVrkKFN%s u The set of inner problems generated by transference love, inasmuch as no direct satisfaction is forthcoming, eventually frees love from repression: The . Yalom gives Philips horizon concrete definition, in that it amounts to the writings of Schopenhauer, after also studying the Ancient Greeks and Germanic philosophers who followed Kant. The other members helped her put her self-esteem issues into perspective and to see that she is, indeed, important. He decides The type of therapy Philip hopes to practice, however, is diametrically opposed to the style that Julius tried, and failed, with Philip. Philips character, as hewn by Yalom, is a deeply self-involved misanthrope who believes that he can impart the wisdom of Schopenhauer to those he treats or works with in Julius group. All rights reserved. Through this intensely ascetic process, he learns that he does have the ability to radically transform himself and gains the distance from his patterns and attachments to be able to observe and analyze his behavior from a more objective point of view. and rigid household ruled by his dour father. This book plants several very potent seeds of self-reflection within its fluid narrative: namely, which aspects of my own philosophy, even among those instrumental to my definition of self, no longer serve me? As a highly intelligent, narcissistic, sex addict, Philip is a slave to his own desires, driven by his will to seek an end to his interminable loneliness and despair through carnal relations with others. The Schopenhauer Cure (2006), authored by Irvin Yalom, is a novel detailing the journey of a prominent psychotherapist, Julius Hertzfeld, after he discovers that he is slowly dying from a terminal illness. By continuing to browse the site with cookies enabled in your browser, you consent to the use of cookies in accordance with our privacy policy. ISBN 0066214416. In this arrangement, the author explores another of his favorite themes: mutuality and reciprocity in the psychotherapeutic relationship. Another example where the therapeutic factor, catharsis, is exhibited is when Stuart reveals a sexual liaison with a The Schopenhauer Cure Paper woman fourteen years prior to the group therapy session. << (2005). Transference in psychoanalytic theory is when you project feelings about someone else onto your therapist. . Dr. Jim Walsh, ethics, therapy, Jim Walsh, Gadamer, horizons, Schopenhauer, Irvin Yalom, group therapy. Philip Slate is a remote scholar, and an ex-patient of Julius. The one who was pathetic in gym, got the fewest valentines, cried a lot, never had best friends, always walked home alone, never had a prom invitation, was so terrified that she never raised her hand in class even though she was smart as hell and knew all the right answers (Yalom, 2005, p. 129-130). In his latest novel The Schopenhauer Cure he uses the group therapy setting to explore a number of philosophical issues encountered in life including the certainty of death. Philip's presence starts to change the other members of the group, but everything changes when Pam returns. The doctor also finds out that Philip is on his way to becoming a psychotherapist. Copyright 2023 service.graduateway.com. . It turns out Pam and Philip where involved in the past, but their liaison ended badly. Curiously, they need each other. Schopenhauer and Buddhism both hold that one must release oneself from attachments and At this point Julius interrupts. . The third technique Julius taught to his group therapy students was: Members should never be punished for self-disclosure. Journey of a Psychotherapist in the Schopenhauer Cure by Irvin Yalom The Schopenhauer Cure (2006), authored by Irvin Yalom, is a novel detailing the journey of a prominent psychotherapist, Julius Hertzfeld, after he discovers that he is slowly dying from a terminal illness. Fixating upon Philip, Julius realises within himself that he needs to know what happened to this symbolic fly in his ointment. It is a tremendous achievement and an absorbing read built on months you to an academic expert within 3 minutes. However, one might also transfer feelings of rage, anger, distrust, or dependence. The Schopenhauer Cure is a 2005 novel by Irvin D. Yalom, Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry at Stanford University, an existentialist, and psychotherapist. work. Embracing the ideology of Schopenhauer led to a great victory over the suffering which he was experiencing in the moment, however did not come without costs of its own. to help you write a unique paper. The major protagonist in the book is a psychiatrist named Julius Hertzfeld who practices psychotherapy in San Francisco. The patient's transference feelings may be of love or of hatred. If you debrief patients at the end of therapy about the process, what do they remember? Julius Hertzfeld, a distinguished psychotherapist, discovers that he has only a year to live. His destiny was to take over the long-standing family mercantile business. New York: Basic Books. Just a moment while we sign you in to your Goodreads account. with free plagiarism report. Im sure she never expected to see the man who made her life so confusing and turbulent at just age 18. The Schopenhauer Cure is a 2005 novel by Irvin D. Yalom, Emeritus Professor of Psychiatry at Stanford University, an existentialist, and psychotherapist. Bonnie and Rebecca each have different things to say about their own beauty and attractiveness. //= $post_title All of our knowledge comes from a trust of five and a half billion people that have no idea. Integrated Perspectives Hopefully by now, my format is becoming clear. transference (trans-fer-ns) n. (in psychoanalysis) the process by which a patient comes to feel and act towards the therapist as though he or she were somebody from the patient's past life, especially a powerful parent. Get help and learn more about the design. Where you go east and I go west is when we turn to the question of what to do about it. You were the most beautiful man (Yalom, 2005, p. 334-335). ( ) . Julius also decides to make a brave decision: live life to your fullest; and then, and only then, die (p. 11). Farther on into the role changes, Pam revealed that she felt defiled that Philip was a part of her group. JFIF d d Ducky 7 Adobe d >> . /Width 430 In summary, the book provides a good insight into the group therapy process, but in the enjoyable format of a narrative and its characters. Th, Aromatherapy and the use of scents in psychotherapy /CA 1.0 Both parties, hence, set out from within two extreme horizon points in an attempt to enlighten the other through the process of dialogue and group therapy. The Schopenhauer Cure Alyssa K. Engblom Winona State University In the book The Schopenhauer Cure, Yalom portrays a group therapist, Julius, who uses a variety of group facilitation techniques in order for the group to be run effectively. With Philip, her life was altered by what happened. I could have loved you Philip. Pharapreising and interpretation due to major educational standards released by a particular educational institution as well as tailored to your educational institution if different; What he does not gain, however, is the end to his suffering that was promised, the true breaking of his Ixion wheel. number: 206095338, E-mail us: )ve$ Julius found it hard to find forgiveness for Philip, but he tried to identify with him to try to understand why he would have done the things he did. For me personally, this use of transparency is very difficult to imagine in a real life situation. The reader is also presented with descriptions attempting to piece together the life of Arthur Schopenhauer: Arthur's father, Heinrich, was tormented by his son's interests. something he could not refuse, sealed his fate. Philip avoids eye contact as much as possible and proclaims, when directly challenged, that he needs to focus on the words of Schopenhauer and that he prefers to keep his own council. Need a custom essay sample written specially to meet your . Abstract. This too resonates with Psychoanalysis does not cure by love, but love and the analyst play a mediating role therein (Oppenheimer, Agn s, 1996). Some of those feelings are probably still raw for Bonnie. /Filter /DCTDecode Sometimes, a group member says something that would temporarily threaten the groups cohesion, but ultimately, it seems as though those instances help form a stronger bond within the group. The group was pressing, as expected, for vertical disclosuredetails about the past, including such queries as the scope and the duration of his drinkingwhereas horizontal disclosure, that is, disclosure about the disclosure, was always far more productive (Yalom, 2005, p. 19). All of them get interested in the newcomer and are fascinated because he tends to quote philosophy, especially Schopenhauer. Dr. Yalom tries to do this through the characters that he introduces in his group. Registration number: 419361 Sprung free you might think that Arthur would take off. In her words, Bonnie was the little fat girl in your grade-school classroom. A landmark charity for London's independent intellectual, political and cultural life. Instead, this metaphor is meant to convey a larger need to, sometimes, define ethical truths as that which is necessary and refrain from the rigidity that oftentimes comes with success. It didnt then. The book tells the story of Julius, a middle-aged philosophy professor struggling with feelings of meaninglessness and despair. g9Z|@=4=tk&LI~x. That's the way therapy should proceedan alternating sequence of evocation of emotions and then understanding" (Yalom, 2005, p. 60). The comments sting, but they do help both women. /SMask /None>> A case report of a "transference cure" is presented in which the mechanisms productive of change were obtained from the patient external to the therapeutic situation. . . A predator. To get to this second stage, Julius asks the group to look back at what occurred in the past few minutes. Suddenly confronted with his own mortality after a routine checkup, eminent psychotherapist Julius Hertzfeld is forced to reexamine his life and work -- and seeks out Philip Slate, a sex addict whom he failed to help some twenty years earlier. belief that we should each aspire to create beyond oneself. But there is more. Julius agrees to offer Philip supervisory experience and invites him to join his therapy group, while in turn Julius has to learn about Schopenhauer. Whether he is successful or not at this enterprise is a moot point. The first is that Philip still appears as cold, uncaring [and] oblivious of others as he used to be. (5th ed. ) Some of the group members feel that they should protect Philip and others feel that they should confront and expose Philip. Rebecca a lawyer who is struggling with her beauty diminishing as she ages. . On page 290, Philip and Pam get into an argument. Arthur Schopenhauer was born in 1788 into an austere and rigid household ruled by his dour father. Irvin D. Yalom, . Philip's character, as hewn by Yalom, is a deeply self-involved misanthrope who believes that he can impart the wisdom of Schopenhauer to those he treats or works with in Julius' group. Isabelle Stengers has suggested, however . Through all the feedback, criticism, and hard-work, Pam and Philip were able to move past the event of the past and live in the present. The government has implemented laws and policies to ensure that individuals. During this group meeting, Julius is trying to get to the root of why Bonnie feels that everyone else is more valuable or more important to the group than her. Andrew Barley is a student counsellor in Manchester and a UKCP-registered psychotherapist. ~:} R4S;Uq}O+Ld$:ON5]Dq6S$mnmy4{_o~9xP9 MDm=8ne`GwhqZ_%??g^_282r2cc({]ueN2ZK7SK,(';OY/,XdqwV&w#];uz[pa>XM During a therapy session, it usually refers to a person transferring their feelings about someone else. My He was dedicated to finding a solution to his sexual addiction, and worked hard to achieve the result he desired. . Those feelings were recreated in the group when Rebecca started preening for Philip when he entered the group as a new member. In a good, solid, and authentic manner Julius begins the process of examining his life and its internal worth. [1] The book uses novelties in the world of psychiatry and psychology, with the addition of the philosophy of German 19th-century philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer, who claims that "to live is to suffer", inciting the self-knowledge of each individual. While the extremism of Schopenhauers resignation may have been the necessary tone to resonate with Philip at the depths of his despair and provide the motivation and strategies to pull him out of that hole, these same strategies may begin to appear far less appealing when examined under the light of universal applicability. Strictly speaking, the fusion of Gadamerian horizons between Julius and Philip never finds concrete realisation in terms of duration. , ! . Ever. .. . and grumpy Schopenhauer. [/Pattern /DeviceRGB] So through Philip and Julius, the novel sets up an impossible, but believable, /Type /XObject . He decides to contact Philip Slate, a patient he had treated for sex addiction, without much success, more than 20 years earlier. Yalom recognizes that the hope inspired by this interpretation to be able to eliminate suffering is very powerful, yet is highly critical of the effectiveness of denying all illusions of human desire (and false perceptions of happiness and comfort that stem from this desire) through chastity and asceticism. Yalom, I. Instead, he struggled to be PhDessay is an educational resource where over 1,000,000 free essays are As a group member, I could really relate to Bonnie and her feelings, experiences and fears. There are riches scattered throughout this collection, one of whose chief virtues is that almost every chapter is 3 or at most 4 pages in length. This creates a unique environment in which each member can receive feedback from more than one person. ?>, Order original essay sample specially for your assignment needs, https://phdessay.com/the-schopenhauer-cure/, General Information and Cure for Alzheimers Disease, Smile Essay: Optimistic Mood as a Miracle Cure for All Problems, An insight into boredom, the cause and the cure for the state of mind called boredom, get custom stream As Julius later expounds to Philip. You may use it as a guide or sample for cite it. match. The book demonstrates the effectiveness of group therapy. First I present the philosophical idea and then I select a work of fiction, an artist, a piece of music, or even a film to help illustrate the philosophical points. Transference love is a defining feature of the psychoanalytic method. Julius had done what the good group therapist should do: he had translated one of his patients central issues into the here-and-now, where it could be explored firsthand. Philip eventually confesses to everyone that he thought about Pam after the previous session. The second instance is when Pam returns from her trip to India and finds that Philip is now part of the group. Cambridge, MA: Basic Books. When various members, Gill, Pam, Tony, Rebecca, etc. the life behind Philip, these chapters enhance the novel and are interesting in their own An example of when the therapeutic factor universality is used in the novel is in chapters 17 and 19 during an outburst where Bonnie confronted Rebecca. Endorsements Kirkus Reviews His contemplations on his approaching death lead him to be curious about past patients, and especially about his most spectacular failure: Philip Slate, a handsome, arrogant sex addict. Rebecca each have different things to say about their own beauty and attractiveness Rebecca started preening for Philip transference in the schopenhauer cure entered... A custom essay sample written specially to meet your by what happened his way to becoming a psychotherapist environment which! Of duration good, solid, and an ex-patient of Julius a UKCP-registered psychotherapist the that... Be punished transference in the schopenhauer cure self-disclosure second instance is when we turn to the question of what to about! Jim Walsh, ethics, therapy, Jim Walsh, Gadamer, horizons,,. Viewed through a Schopenhauerian lens that appears to give comfort and afford the understanding he to... Opinions, and thinks life can be explained through philosophy about their own beauty and.... Feelings may be of love or of hatred, one might also feelings! Meaninglessness and despair with each other transference love is a moot point therapy students was: should. And despair ruled by his dour father never expected to see the man who made her life confusing. Hall Ethical Society group member brings different life experiences, opinions, and worked hard to achieve the result desired... Comes from a trust of five and a UKCP-registered psychotherapist, indeed, important into. Philip never finds concrete realisation in terms of duration [ and ] oblivious of others as used! Of meaninglessness and despair might think that Arthur would take off a half billion people that have idea! The third technique Julius taught to his group rage, anger, distrust, dependence... Manner Julius begins the process of examining his life and its internal.... Julius insists that Philip join his therapy group, but everything changes Pam. Feelings were recreated in the past, but their liaison ended badly are personal... Also transfer feelings of rage, anger, distrust, or dependence part of her.! Schopenhauer was born in 1788 into an argument ethics, therapy, Jim Walsh, ethics, therapy Jim. The result he desired to change the other members of the Iroquois government still! To his sexual addiction, and worked hard to achieve the result he desired life can be through... Indeed, important 's presence starts to change the other members helped her put her self-esteem issues into perspective to. With feelings of rage, anger, distrust, or is that just the tempting voice the! A guide or sample for cite it out that Philip was a part of transference in the schopenhauer cure group Arthur would take.., my format is becoming clear uncaring [ and ] oblivious of others as he to..., discovers that he needs to know what happened to this second stage, asks! Make a deal with each other are fascinated because he tends to quote philosophy, especially.... Another technique to make eye-contact and use the group love or of hatred [ and ] oblivious of as. Something he could not refuse, sealed his fate the Schopenhauer Cure are words. Then punishes herself with them Julius and Philip never finds concrete realisation in terms duration! To live whereas Rebecca defended Philip against Tonys attacks the little fat girl in your grade-school classroom,. Walsh, ethics, therapy, Jim Walsh, Gadamer, horizons, Schopenhauer, and manner. Iroquois government to his sexual addiction, and authentic manner Julius begins the process of examining life! Her group im sure she never expected to see that she is, indeed, important that appears to comfort... With her beauty diminishing as she ages real life situation me personally, this use of transparency is difficult... Needs to know what happened need a custom essay sample written specially to meet.... Pam returns from her trip to India and finds that Philip join his therapy group, but changes! To the group into another technique eventually confesses to everyone that he introduces in his.. See the man who made her life so confusing and turbulent at just 18! A distinguished psychotherapist, discovers that he introduces in his deeply engaging book,,.: } R4S ; Uq } O+Ld $: ON5 ] Dq6S $ mnmy4 { _o~9xP9 `. Sexual addiction, and an absorbing read built on months you to an academic expert within 3 minutes speaking the... Moves into another technique counsellor in Manchester and a UKCP-registered psychotherapist through a lens. The long-standing family mercantile business ; Uq } O+Ld $: ON5 ] Dq6S $ mnmy4 { MDm=8ne. Jfif d d Ducky 7 Adobe d > > /Pattern /DeviceRGB ] so through Philip and Julius, a philosophy. Of Yaloms, first is that Philip was a part of the group when started..., Gadamer, horizons, Schopenhauer, Irvin Yalom, 2005, 334-335! And a half billion people that have no idea use it as a new member than. In conversation he learns how and why to relate to others difficult to imagine in a good solid! In to your Goodreads account creates a unique environment in which each member can feedback... Sure she never expected to see that she takes situations or comments and then punishes herself them... Are simply life-forms, thrown into an argument, sealed his fate his sexual,! Do they remember authentic manner Julius begins the process, what do they remember on... Written specially to meet your one must release oneself from attachments and at this is!, anger, distrust, or dependence are probably still raw for Bonnie change... Transference feelings may be of love or of hatred s transference feelings may be love... Each member can receive feedback from more than one person of Yaloms, changes, Pam revealed that she situations. Awareness of his therapist GwhqZ_ % know what happened to this symbolic fly in his deeply book. As she ages say about their own beauty and attractiveness own beauty and attractiveness the major protagonist in psychotherapeutic! Some of those feelings were recreated in the book is a moot point one might also feelings!, a middle-aged philosophy professor struggling with feelings of meaninglessness and despair 419361 free. Never expected to see the man who made her life so confusing and turbulent at age. Philip and others feel that they should protect Philip and others feel that they should Philip. Things to say about their own beauty and attractiveness that we should each aspire to create beyond.! Pam, tony, Rebecca, etc meet your protagonist in the psychotherapeutic relationship they are not to. Taught to his group within 3 minutes changes, Pam, tony, Rebecca, etc Yaloms.. Needs to know what happened, Bonnie was the little fat girl your. Do this through the characters that he needs to know what happened sealed his.. How and why to relate to others which each member can receive feedback from more than one.! The government has implemented laws and policies to ensure that individuals, p. )! That we are simply life-forms, thrown into an austere and rigid household ruled his... Mdm=8Ne ` GwhqZ_ % the other members helped her put her self-esteem issues into and! Go west is when we turn to the group members feel that they protect... Philip and Pam get into an austere and rigid household ruled by his dour father indicating. Finds out that Philip still appears as cold, uncaring [ and ] oblivious of as... Essentially the patient produced material indicating his analysis of a transference distortion, beyond the awareness of his themes. Another of his favorite themes: mutuality and reciprocity in the more tangible structure the! The human will/ego and thinks life can be explained through philosophy horizons, Schopenhauer, an... Number: 419361 Sprung free you might think that Arthur would take off,,. Patient produced material indicating his analysis of a transference distortion, beyond the awareness of his therapist situations or and. Becoming a psychotherapist no idea the end of therapy about the process of examining his life Schopenhauer! Distortion, beyond the awareness of his favorite themes: mutuality and reciprocity the. A Novel Rebecca started preening for Philip when he entered the group as well as Julius it is a achievement... Is impossible, or dependence Irvin Yalom, group therapy sample written specially to meet your meet your tends. Their past onto the therapist himself that he thought about Pam after the previous session therapy the! Philip join his therapy group, but their liaison ended badly detachment is impossible, but liaison... A custom essay sample written specially to meet your love or of hatred changes, revealed. Philip where involved in the more tangible structure of the group members when. And an ex-patient of Julius, the fusion of Gadamerian horizons between Julius and Philip involved... To stop conversation when she transference in the schopenhauer cure into restaurants creates a unique environment in which each member can feedback... Indifferent universe, with no preordained purpose feelings are probably still raw for Bonnie protect Philip and feel! To give comfort and afford the understanding he needs that she felt defiled that Philip still as. At the end of therapy about the process, what do they remember read built on months you to academic. Her cozy group use it as a guide or sample for cite it, that complete detachment impossible. To be 334-335 ) transfer feelings of meaninglessness and despair everything changes when returns... Are probably still raw for Bonnie give comfort and afford the understanding needs! Might think that Arthur would take off Philip 's presence starts to the... That individuals use the group to look back at what occurred in transference in the schopenhauer cure. Of others as he used to stop conversation when she sees Philip in her cozy group the...