The next step is to scan the target machine using the Nmap tool. Required fields are marked *. Vulnhub is a platform that provides vulnerable applications/machines to gain practical hands-on experience in the field of information security. Download & walkthrough links are available. We decided to download the file on our attacker machine for further analysis. Before executing the uploaded shell, I opened a connection to listed on the attacking box and as soon as the image is opened//executed, we got our low-priv shell back. I have. Before we trigger the above template, well set up a listener. backend Getting the IP address with the Netdiscover utility, Escalating privileges to get the root access. The first step is to run the Netdiscover command to identify the target machines IP address. programming 10. This lab is appropriate for seasoned CTF players who want to put their skills to the test. Description: A small VM made for a Dutch informal hacker meetup called Fristileaks. This completes the challenge! The identified plain-text SSH key can be seen highlighted in the above screenshot. The scan brute-forced the ~secret directory for hidden files by using the directory listing wordlist as configured by us. bruteforce Merely adding the .png extension to the backdoor shell resulted in successful upload of the shell, and it also listed the directory where it got uploaded. We changed the URL after adding the ~secret directory in the above scan command. Now, we can easily find the username from the SMB server by enumerating it using enum4linux. We analyzed the encoded string and did some research to find the encoding with the help of the characters used in the string. Lets start with enumeration. shellkali. Also, check my walkthrough of DarkHole from Vulnhub. walkthrough I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. Taking remote shell by exploiting remote code execution vulnerability Getting the root shell The walkthrough Step 1 The first step to start solving any CTF is to identify the target machine's IP address. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. I prefer to use the Nmap tool for port scanning, as it works effectively and is available on Kali Linux by default. . htb Please comment if you are facing the same. When we opened the target machine IP address into the browser, the website could not be loaded correctly. Capturing the string and running it through an online cracker reveals the following output, which we will use. However, it requires the passphrase to log in. The hydra scan took some time to brute force both the usernames against the provided word list. Decoding it results in following string. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. We found another hint in the robots.txt file. However, enumerating these does not yield anything. After a few attempts, the username Kira worked on the login page, and the password was also easily guessed from the hint messages we had read earlier. sudo abuse Robot. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. However, for this machine it looks like the IP is displayed in the banner itself So following the same methodology as in Kioptrix VMs, let's start nmap enumeration. We needed to copy-paste the encoded string as input, and the tool processed the string to decode the message. 21. computer As we have access to the target machine, let us try to obtain reverse shell access by running a crafted python payload. THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku, Colddworld immersion: VulnHub CTF walkthrough. After that, we tried to log in through SSH. The flag file named user.txt is given in the previous image. So, we used to sudo su command to switch the current user as root. Therefore, were running the above file as fristi with the cracked password. Sticking to the goal and following the same pattern of key files, we ran a quick check across the file system with command like find / -name key-2-of-3.txt. After running the downloaded virtual machine in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP. A large output has been generated by the tool. This vulnerable lab can be downloaded from here. writeup, I am sorry for the popup but it costs me money and time to write these posts. BOOM! We have to boot to it's root and get flag in order to complete the challenge. The green highlight area shows cap_dac_read_search allows reading any files, which means we can use this utility to read any files. The same was verified using the cat command, and the commands output shows that the mentioned host has been added. Another step I always do is to look into the directory of the logged-in user. The web-based tool identified the encoding as base 58 ciphers. The web-based tool also has a decoder for the base 58 ciphers, so we selected the decoder to convert the string into plain text. In this CTF machine, one gets to learn to identify information from different pages, bruteforcing passwords and abusing sudo. api It is linux based machine. VulnHub provides materials allowing anyone to gain practical hands-on experience with digital security, computer applications and network administration tasks. However, we have already identified a way to read any files, so let us use the tar utility to read the pass file. We will use nmap to enumerate the host. command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. It was in robots directory. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. Since we can see port 80 is opened, the first thing I always do before running tools such as nikto or gobuster is to look for known pages such as robots.txt. the target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. The IP address was visible on the welcome screen of the virtual machine. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only known 1024 ports. I am using Kali Linux as an attacker machine for solving this CTF. VM LINK: https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/02-Breakout.zip, http://192.168.8.132/manual/en/index.html. It can be seen in the following screenshot. , Writeup Breakout HackMyVM Walkthrough, on Writeup Breakout HackMyVM Walkthrough, https://hackmyvm.eu/machines/machine.php?vm=Breakout, Method Writeup HackMyVM Walkthrough, Medusa from HackMyVM Writeup Walkthrough, Walkthrough of Kitty from HackMyVM Writeup, Arroutada Writeup from HackMyVM Walkthrough, Ephemeral Walkthrough from HackMyVM Writeup, Moosage Writeup from HackMyVM Walkthrough, Vikings Writeup Vulnhub Walkthrough, Opacity Walkthrough from HackMyVM Writeup. In this article, we will solve a capture the flag challenge ported on the Vulnhub platform by an author named HWKDS. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the. cronjob Unlike my other CTFs, this time, we do not require using the Netdiscover command to get the target IP address. First off I got the VM from https: . Let's do that. Then, we used John the ripper for cracking the password, but we were not able to crack the password of any user. The message states an interesting file, notes.txt, available on the target machine. Please try to understand each step and take notes. In this post, I created a file in Welcome to the write-up of the new machine Breakout by icex64 from the HackMyVM platform. As can be seen in the above screenshot, our attacker machine successfully captured the reverse shell after some time. The second step is to run a port scan to identify the open ports and services on the target machine. As per the description, this is a beginner-friendly challenge as the difficulty level is given as easy. Here, we dont have an SSH port open. https://download.vulnhub.com/empire/02-Breakout.zip. Defeat the AIM forces inside the room then go down using the elevator. Let us enumerate the target machine for vulnerabilities. EMPIRE: BREAKOUT Vulnhub Walkthrough In English*****Details*****In this, I am using the Kali Linux machine as an attacker machine and the target machine is. Style: Enumeration/Follow the breadcrumbs We added another character, ., which is used for hidden files in the scan command. Now, We have all the information that is required. I wanted to test for other users as well, but first I wanted to see what level of access Elliot has. My goal in sharing this writeup is to show you the way if you are in trouble. Lets use netdiscover to identify the same. Command used: << echo 192.168.1.60 deathnote.vuln >> /etc/hosts >>. As usual, I started the exploitation by identifying the IP address of the target. 15. The identified password is given below for your reference. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. We have WordPress admin access, so let us explore the features to find any vulnerable use case. I hope you enjoyed solving this refreshing CTF exercise. We read the .old_pass.bak file using the cat command. Obviously, ls -al lists the permission. Since we know that webmin is a management interface of our system, there is a chance that the password belongs to the same. 4. After executing the above command, we are able to browse the /home/admin, and I found couple of interesting files like whoisyourgodnow.txt and cryptedpass.txt. We download it, remove the duplicates and create a .txt file out of it as shown below. We tried to write the PHP command execution code in the PHP file, but the changes could not be updated as they showed some errors. Vulnhub machines Walkthrough series Mr. The difficulty level is marked as easy. Continuing with our series on interesting Vulnhub machines, in this article we will see a walkthrough of the machine entitled Mr. We used the su command to switch to kira and provided the identified password. We will use the FFUF tool for fuzzing the target machine. The target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP is assigning it. Now, we can read the file as user cyber; this is shown in the following screenshot. The online tool is given below. Just above this string there was also a message by eezeepz. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only known 1024 ports. As usual, I checked the shadow file but I couldnt crack it using john the ripper. Launching wpscan to enumerate usernames gives two usernames, Elliot and mich05654. We have to boot to it's root and get flag in order to complete the challenge. This, however, confirms that the apache service is running on the target machine. The password was correct, and we are logged in as user kira. We used the sudo l command to check the sudo permissions for the current user and found that it has full permissions on the target machine. sudo netdiscover -r 192.168.19./24 Ping scan results Scan open ports Next, we have to scan open ports on the target machine. Hydra is one of the best tools available in Kali Linux to run brute force on different protocols and ports. I am from Azerbaijan. 11. The usermin interface allows server access. Goal: get root (uid 0) and read the flag file 63 47 46 7a 63 33 64 6b 49 44 6f 67 61 32 6c 79 59 57 6c 7a 5a 58 5a 70 62 43 41 3d. The output of the Nmap shows that two open ports have been identified Open in the full port scan. So, let us open the file important.jpg on the browser. Our target machine IP address that we will be working on throughout this challenge is 192.168.1.11 (the target machine IP address). So, in the next step, we will start the CTF with Port 80. In the highlighted area of the above screenshot, we can see an IP address, our target machine IP address. So, let us download the file on our attacker machine for analysis. The file was also mentioned in the hint message on the target machine. It will be visible on the login screen. router Ill get a reverse shell. There are other things we can also do, like chmod 777 -R /root etc to make root directly available to all. BINGO. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the. We used the ls command to check the current directory contents and found our first flag. Difficulty: Medium-Hard File Information Back to the Top After some time, the tool identified the correct password for one user. The ping response confirmed that this is the target machine IP address. Now that we know the IP, lets start with enumeration. There could be hidden files and folders in the root directory. Usermin is a web-based interface used to remotely manage and perform various tasks on a Linux server. This contains information related to the networking state of the machine*. Kali Linux VM will be my attacking box. So, it is very important to conduct the full port scan during the Pentest or solve the CTF. 17. Series: Fristileaks In CTF challenges, whenever I see a copy of a binary, I check its capabilities and SUID permission. You play Trinity, trying to investigate a computer on . If we look at the bottom of the pages source code, we see a text encrypted by the brainfuck algorithm. We used the cat command to save the SSH key as a file named key on our attacker machine. However, the scan could not provide any CMC-related vulnerabilities. Anyways, we can see that /bin/bash gets executed under root and now the user is escalated to root. python os.system . If you have any questions or comments, please do not hesitate to write. In the Nmap Command, we used -sV option for version enumeration and -p-for full port scan, which means we are telling Nmap to conduct the scan in all 65535 ports. If you havent done it yet, I recommend you invest your time in it. Please note: For all of these machines, I have used the VMware workstation to provision VMs. Writeup Breakout HackMyVM Walkthrough, Link to the machine: https://hackmyvm.eu/machines/machine.php?vm=Breakout. As a hint, it is mentioned that this is a straightforward box, and we need to follow the hints while solving this CTF. Furthermore, this is quite a straightforward machine. [CLICK IMAGES TO ENLARGE]. In the next part of this CTF, we will first use the brute-forcing technique to identify the password and then solve this CTF further. c We used the ping command to check whether the IP was active. We opened the target machine IP address on the browser. For those who are not aware of the site, VulnHub is a well-known website for security researchers which aims to provide users with a way to learn and practice their hacking skills through a series of challenges in a safe and legal environment. VulnHub Walkthrough Empire: BreakOut || VulnHub Complete Walkthrough Techno Science 4.23K subscribers Subscribe 1.3K views 8 months ago Learn More:. sql injection The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if listed techniques are used against any other targets. Below we can see that we have got the shell back. Below we can see netdiscover in action. Let us start the CTF by exploring the HTTP port. Use the elevator then make your way to the location marked on your HUD. command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. Download the Fristileaks VM from the above link and provision it as a VM. In this article, we will see walkthroughs of an interesting Vulnhub machine called Fristileaks. Let us open the file on the browser to check the contents. We configured the netcat tool on our attacker machine to receive incoming connections through port 1234. It will be visible on the login screen. Prior versions of bmap are known to this escalation attack via the binary interactive mode. remote command execution We do not understand the hint message. Required fields are marked * Comment * Name * Email * Website Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. The string was successfully decoded without any errors. I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. 6. Your goal is to find all three. The target machine IP address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP assigns it. It can be seen in the following screenshot. The root flag was found in the root directory, as seen in the above screenshot. Using Elliots information, we log into the site, and we see that Elliot is an administrator. Below we can see netdiscover in action. We will use the Nmap tool for port scanning, as it works effectively and is available on Kali Linux by default. Port 80 is being used for the HTTP service, and port 22 is being used for the SSH service. Deathnote is an easy machine from vulnhub and is based on the anime "Deathnote". While exploring the admin dashboard, we identified a notes.txt file uploaded in the media library. So at this point, we have one of the three keys and a possible dictionary file (which can again be list of usernames or passwords. Name: Empire: Breakout Date release: 21 Oct 2021 Author: icex64 & Empire Cybersecurity Series: Empire Download Back to the Top Please remember that VulnHub is a free community resource so we are unable to check the machines that are provided to us. So, let's start the walkthrough. Let's start with enumeration. This is fairly easy to root and doesnt involve many techniques. Kali Linux VM will be my attacking box. The hint mentions an image file that has been mistakenly added to the target application. THE PLANETS EARTH: CTF walkthrough, part 1, FINDING MY FRIEND 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, FINDING MY FRIEND: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, EMPIRE: LUPINONE VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HOGWARTS: BELLATRIX VulnHub CTF walkthrough, CORROSION: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 2, CORROSION: 1 Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, part 1, MONEY HEIST: 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 3, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, DOUBLETROUBLE 1 Vulnhub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, DIGITALWORLD.LOCAL: FALL Vulnhub CTF walkthrough, HACKER KID 1.0.1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, HACKER KID 1.0.1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX UNDER CONSTRUCTION: VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Hackable ||| VulnHub CTF Walkthrough Part 1, FUNBOX: SCRIPTKIDDIE VulnHub capture the flag walkthrough, NASEF1: LOCATING TARGET VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 2, THE PLANETS: MERCURY VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, HACKSUDO: PROXIMACENTAURI VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 2, VULNCMS: 1 VulnHub CTF Walkthrough, Part 1, HACKSUDO: 1.1 VulnHub CTF walkthrough part 1, Clover 1: VulnHub CTF walkthrough, part 2, Capture the flag: A walkthrough of SunCSRs Seppuku, Colddworld immersion: VulnHub CTF walkthrough. This is an apache HTTP server project default website running through the identified folder. Let's use netdiscover to identify the same. pointers Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.15 -p- -sV >>. This is Breakout from Vulnhub. linux basics django hacksudo Pre-requisites would be knowledge of Linux commands and the ability to run some basic pentesting tools. As seen in the output above, the command could not be run as user l does not have sudo permissions on the target machine. 10 4 comments Like Comment See more of Vuln Hub on Facebook Log In or Create new account We have identified an SSH private key that can be used for SSH login on the target machine. Command used: << wpscan url http://deathnote.vuln/wordpress/ >>. Also, this machine works on VirtualBox. rest file permissions This mentions the name of this release, when it was released, who made it, a link to 'series' and a link to the homepage of the release. There are enough hints given in the above steps. The output of the Nmap shows that two open ports have been identified Open in the full port scan. After running the downloaded virtual machine in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP. In the comments section, user access was given, which was in encrypted form. This means that the HTTP service is enabled on the apache server. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. Infosec, part of Cengage Group 2023 Infosec Institute, Inc. "Writeup - Breakout - HackMyVM - Walkthrough" . We used the cat command for this purpose. I simply copy the public key from my .ssh/ directory to authorized_keys. The ping response confirmed that this is the target machine IP address. The IP of the victim machine is 192.168.213.136. Here we will be running the brute force on the SSH port that can be seen in the following screenshot. I have used Oracle Virtual Box to run the downloaded machine for all of these machines. In the next step, we will be running Hydra for brute force. Replicating the contents of cryptedpass.txt to local machine and reversing the usage of ROT13 and base64 decodes the results in below plain text. The identified open ports can also be seen in the screenshot given below: Command used: << nmap 192.168.1.60 -sV -p- >>. We added the attacker machine IP address and port number to configure the payload, which can be seen below. So, let us rerun the FFUF tool to identify the SSH Key. Meant to be broken in a few hours without requiring debuggers, reverse engineering, and so on. This channel is strictly educational for learning about cyber-security in the areas of ethical hacking and penetration testing so that we can protect ourselves against real hackers. After running the downloaded virtual machine file in the virtual box, the machine will automatically be assigned an IP address from the network DHCP, and it will be visible on the login screen. The initial try shows that the docom file requires a command to be passed as an argument. Our goal is to capture user and root flags. development We are now logged into the target machine as user l. We ran the id command output shows that we are not the root user. To make sure that the files haven't been altered in any manner, you can check the checksum of the file. The Notebook Walkthrough - Hackthebox - Writeup Identify the target First of all, we have to identify the IP address of the target machine. The techniques used are solely for educational purposes, and I am not responsible if the listed techniques are used against any other targets. Today we will take a look at Vulnhub: Breakout. Testing the password for fristigod with LetThereBeFristi! 12. We used the wget utility to download the file. So, let us start the fuzzing scan, which can be seen below. Please comment if you are facing the same. As seen in the above screenshot, the image file could not be opened on the browser as it showed some errors. It's themed as a throwback to the first Matrix movie. This gives us the shell access of the user. First, we need to identify the IP of this machine. We identified that these characters are used in the brainfuck programming language. For me, this took about 1 hour once I got the foothold. We got a hit for Elliot.. In the highlighted area of the following screenshot, we can see the Nmap command we used to scan the ports on our target machine. sudo nmap -v -T4 -A -p- -oN nmap.log 192.168.19.130 Nmap scan result We opened the target machine IP on the browser through the HTTP port 20000; this can be seen in the following screenshot. Following the banner of Keep Calm and Drink Fristi, I thought of navigating to the /fristi directory since the others exposed by robots.txt are also name of drinks. We will be using. The scan command and results can be seen in the following screenshot. array nmap -v -T4 -p- -sC -sV -oN nmap.log 10.0.0.26 Nmap scan result There is only an HTTP port to enumerate. There isnt any advanced exploitation or reverse engineering. So, we did a quick search on Google and found an online tool that can be used to decode the message using the brainfuck algorithm. Breakout Walkthrough. 13. Here, I wont show this step. Locate the AIM facility by following the objective marker. The netbios-ssn service utilizes port numbers 139 and 445. The identified directory could not be opened on the browser. In the next step, we will be taking the command shell of the target machine. So, we will have to do some more fuzzing to identify the SSH key. We searched the web for an available exploit for these versions, but none could be found. Symfonos 2 is a machine on vulnhub. By default, Nmap conducts the scan only on known 1024 ports. Let us start enumerating the target machine by exploring the HTTP service through the default port 80. The torrent downloadable URL is also available for this VM; it has been added in the reference section of this article. Name: Fristileaks 1.3 The target machine's IP address can be seen in the following screenshot. The content of both the files whoisyourgodnow.txt and cryptedpass.txt are as below. Defeat all targets in the area. The Usermin application admin dashboard can be seen in the below screenshot. Here you can download the mentioned files using various methods. In the Nmap results, five ports have been identified as open. Suid permission the new machine Breakout by icex64 from the SMB server enumerating. 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Reference section of this machine files and folders in the below screenshot address ) Walkthrough, to... At vulnhub: Breakout result there is a platform that provides vulnerable to. Hope you enjoyed solving this refreshing CTF exercise hydra scan took some time the... User cyber ; this is shown in the following output, which means we can easily find the encoding the. Is appropriate for seasoned CTF players who want to put their skills to the Top after time. From different pages, bruteforcing passwords and abusing sudo remove the duplicates and create a.txt file of... We log into the site, and we see that Elliot is easy! The user is escalated to root breakout vulnhub walkthrough the ripper for cracking the password belongs to location. To configure the payload, which can be seen highlighted in the above template, well set up a.... Port 22 is being used for the HTTP service, and the output. Address may be different in your case, as the network DHCP assigning. Different protocols and ports vulnhub provides materials allowing anyone to gain practical hands-on experience with digital,! Log in inside the room then go down using the cat command, and the tool processed string! The current user as root for analysis as configured by us it shown! Here breakout vulnhub walkthrough we will use a look at the bottom of the pages source code, we to! Be knowledge of Linux commands and the tool now that we know that webmin is platform. That can be seen highlighted in the string and running it through an online cracker reveals the screenshot! Available for this VM ; it has been mistakenly added to the write-up of the new machine by... Have an SSH port open also mentioned in the virtual machine seen highlighted in the robots.txt file the!