Their bodies contain electric organs with about 6,000 specialized cells called electrocytes that store power like tiny batteries. When you think of eels, most people only think of slimy, crawly creatures that live in rivers. This order is more closely related to catfish. This discovery was a turning point in the history of electric eels. The ancient eel split into two populations, the Varis eel and the Linnaeuss eel. The lateral line itself is mechanosensory, enabling them to sense water movements created by animals nearby. Although there is no definite evidence that electricity was invented in Gymnotiform fish before electricity was invented, it is believed that these species are capable of producing electrical discharges. The world's first public electricity supply was provided in late 1881, when the streets of the Surrey town of Godalming in the UK were lit with electric light. During their larval development, the mEO (macroelectro-oscillator) develops within the tail muscle. 1. [26] The other species, E. varii, is also a fish predator; it preys especially on Callichthyidae (armoured catfishes) and Cichlidae (cichlids). InfoCheckerV2 6 dec 2020 13 Show more comments Tx38b 16 mar 2022 Terri Irwin Hasn't Been on Date Since Losing Steve: Already Had My Happily Ever After' Yes, you can eat an electric eel. In 1838, michael faraday predicted that electric eels would be able to attack ships using the electrical energy that they produce. danielvarelaurena I might be wrong, but: electric eels were discovered in 1766, electricity was named in 1600 and discovered in 1872, the Greeks knew a bit about it too (600 b.C. In fact, their natural way of passing electricity through their bodies is the same as how electric kettles work today: by moving water into the center of a metal coil so that it vibrates at the same frequency as an electric current. High voltages produced are used in the detection of . Slice open an electric eel and you'll find three electricity-producing abdominal organs, which collectively take up maybe 80 percent of its body. Uncovering The Ins And Outs Of Presidential Privileges, Does Walmart Take American Express? Its researchers studied DNA, morphology, environmental data, and discharged voltage to develop a new classification. The Gymnotiform eel is a type of electric eel, also known as the South American knifefish, Neotropical eel, and even the human electrocytes. The produced low voltages are used to sense the environment that is surrounding them. Dissection, showing the electric organs inside the body. Some people may notice unpleasant sensations but not have apparent physical damage, whereas others may experience a lot of pain and have obvious tissue damage. [14], The three species have largely non-overlapping distributions in the northern part of South America. . As a result, the word TORPEDO was born. Wowio is the leading lifestyle blog for women who want to live their best lives. Its call dates lower back to the Ancient Romans and is derived from the Latin phrase meaning "numb" or "paralyzed." Linnaeus used this Latin call for the electrical rays whilst naming them in 1758. 100,000 Volts of Electricity Turns Ballistic Gel into a Glowing Blob of Death Nerdist. The mEO develops longitudinally along the tail muscle, and it grows to full extension as the fish matures. It was first described more than 250 years ago by Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus. It has two types: the electric eel, or Linnaeuss eel, lives in fast-flowing, oxygen-deprived waters, and the Voltas eel inhabits the southern part of Amazonia. Before electricity was invented, they were called torpedo. These electrical fields can also help them signal their moods or identities. Sean wonders, What were electric eels called before electricity? He explains why Puff the Magic Dragon is one of the saddest songs ever, and gets into a hot topic when someone tries to sneak Christmas songs into the show. The name came from their ability to emit high-voltage pulses with a two-ms interval. Malapterurus electricus, given by Gmelin in 1789, well into the era of electricity, is the first scientific name for an electric catfish. What Happens When You Inhale Bleach? Their new artificial electric "organ" could supply power in situations where regular batteries . It is not known how much energy it can store, but it is estimated to be around 100 watts. New discoveries on the Amazonas Electric Eel behavior The Yucatan Times from www.theyucatantimes.com This method has proven successful in preventing predators from catching them, and has made them a common threat to human civilization. How the electric eel produces electricity?, 4. His prediction was remarkably prescient, even though the term is confusing today. [2], Electric eels have three pairs of electric organs, arranged longitudinally: the main organ, Hunter's organ, and Sachs' organ. Without advertising income, we can't keep making this site awesome for you. What were electric eels before electricity? Our mission is to help every woman feel confident and beautiful in her own skin. Many automatic processes in the body rely on a small electric current to function, and electrolytes provide this charge. Get notified about exclusive offers every week! The other co-author is Naercio Menezes, a professor at the University of Sao Paulo Zoology Museum. Dec 18 2002, 12:13 am Long before any knowledge of electricity existed, people were aware of shocks from electric fish. They use low voltage pulses for electrolocation while short, high voltage pulses are used for hunting. [46] The ability to produce high-voltage, high-frequency pulses in addition enables the electric eel to electrolocate rapidly-moving prey. How a zoo break-in changed the life of an owl called Flaco. The site earns commission for referring traffic and business to Amazon and other companies like Clickbank, Commission Junction and Share A Share ETC linked to on this site. We have not found a reference to what it was categorized as before this, or what natives may have called it. [45] It has also been suggested that electric eels can control their prey's nervous systems and muscles via electrical pulses, keeping prey from escaping, or forcing it to move so they can locate it,[50] but this has been disputed. Five different forms of desmin occur in electrocytes, compared to two or three in muscle,[41] but its function in electrocytes remained unknown as of 2017. So, whatever the South American natives called it is the solution to your query. What Were Electric Eels Called Before Electricity. Each electric pulse from an eel lasts only a couple . It uses these organs for both predation and defense. Despite the name, it is not an eel, but rather a knifefish.https://en.wikipedia.org wiki Electrophorus_electricusElectrophorus electricus - Wikipedia was originally described by Carl Linnaeus in 1766, he used the name Gymnotus electricus, placing it in the same genus as Gymnotus carapo (banded knifefish). Electric injury can also affect the central nervous system. Mostly blind, they rely on low-level electrical pulses to navigate and explore their surroundings. Carlos David de Santana, the first author of the article, is the first author of the study. The animal uses these shocks both for hunting and to defend itself. Electrophorus electricus, Electrophorus voltai, and Electrophorus varii all share the ability to shock, and are physically similar, but cannot interbreed and live in slightly geographically different environments. As a result, Gilbert is called the father of modern electricity. Do Snails Feel Pain? The electric eels are a genus, Electrophorus, of neotropical freshwater fish from South America in the family Gymnotidae. So what are electric eels called before modern technology? Despite their electric properties, Gymnotiforms are only weakly electric. It uses these organs for both predation and defense. They are also known to still emit discharge eight to nine hours after their death. what were electric eels called before electricity Since lightning and, more significantly, static have existed for a very long time, Read More Nwoha Benedict September 24, 2022 The shock from an electric eel affects the body by altering physiological functions such as involuntary muscle actions and respiration. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. During this time, male-female pairs are seen in small pools left behind after water levels drop. Indigenous people in Venezuela called it arimna, or "something that deprives you of motion." Early European naturalists referred to it as the "numb-eel." And for 250 years, since it was first given a Latin name, Western scientists have known it as Electrophorus electricus, the electric eel . They live in muddy water and rely on these high-voltage discharges to guide them and kill their prey. Electric eels have the potential to be beneficial for human health by developing batteries for prosthetic devices. They are fairly long-lived fish with a lifespan of up to 15 years. The shocks are not generally capable of killing a healthy human. This creates a partial vacuum in the water around the eel, which allows electrons to flow through its body and into the ampullae. The ampullae can also be used as sensors that allow electric eels to find food or other objects in their environment. It's also worth noting that electricity wasn't invented. Liu survived more than 70,000 volts despite experts' earlier warnings that the human body can tolerate a maximum of between 20,000 and 50,000 volts, which might prove to be lethal. The average shock from an electric eel lasts about two-thousandths of a second. Electric eels were not invented until the late 1800s. As marine animals and unlike reptiles, eels breathe underwater with their gills and fins, and therefore cannot survive outside of water. In fact, they are now being studied for their use in batteries for prosthetics and sensors. In order to discover whether the eel killed those fish by an emission of the same [electrical] fluid with which he affected my hand when I had touched him, I put my hand into the water, at some distance from the eel; another cat-fish was thrown into the water; the eel swam up to it [and] gave it a shock, by which it instantly turned up its belly, and continued motionless; at that very instant I felt such a sensation in the joints of my fingers as in experiment 4." Electric eels were first described 250 years ago by Carl Linnaeus, who gave them the species name Electrophorus electricus. Electric eels are legendary for their ability to stun prey with a high-voltage jolt. Before the invention of electricity, the Varis eel was known as arimna by the indigenous people of Venezuela. The electric eels scientific name is Electrophorus electricus, and was named by Linnaeus in 1766. The electric organs contain thousands of tiny pores that allow electricity to flow through their bodies. A Comprehensive Guide. Sometime this is all we need. They can shock prey by leaping out of the water, using their head as a lung, and directly shocking a partially submerged animal. Electric eels are known to deliver an electric shock to other animals and humans by jumping out of water and using their tail to conduct an electrical current. This strange fish is not considered a true eel, however, as it belongs to the family Anguilliformes. It is electric current that burns tissue, freezes muscles, and fibrillates hearts. You cant catch them with your hands! 6 (1984), 598-607. This creates a partial vacuum in the water around the eel, which allows electrons to flow through its body and into the ampullae. [14], Electric eels form a clade of strongly electric fishes within the order Gymnotiformes, the South American knifefishes. 5mo ago. A newly-identified eel living in the Amazon basin can deliver record-breaking electric jolts, according to a study published Tuesday. How much electricity does an electric throw use? An electric eel is a freshwater fish with an Electric Organ located on its skin. It can give electric shocks of up to six hundred fifty watts of electricity. Cobalt, called blue gold, provides lithium-ion batteries with their range and durability. In human care, males typically live 10 to 15 years, and females generally live 12 to 22 years. They have very poor vision and have evolved to use their electric powers to locate their prey. A lightning bolt travels at about 130,000 miles per hour and reaches . flat partitions or septa, and cross divisions between them." Dr. Michael S. Morse, a professor of electrical engineering at the University of San Diego, explains that while 10,000 volts can be life threatening in certain circumstances, it's possible for something to have 10,000 volts behind it and be relatively harmless. As a result, the phrase "TORPEDO" become born. The term came from the classical Latin electrum, 'amber', from the Greek (elektron), 'amber'. The pain isn't searing unlike, say, sticking your finger in a wall socket but isn't pleasant: a brief muscle contraction, then numbness. [1] Most knifefishes are weakly electric, capable of active electrolocation but not of delivering shocks. They use their shocking power to hunt prey and defend themselves, while weaker electrical signals help them to navigate and communicate. Electric fish were again reported millennia. These electrocytes belong to two main groups: those with neurogenic organs and those without. 12th century Arab scientists referred to it with words like trembler or shaker (synonymous with thunder). When were electric eels founded? Electric eels don't shock their prey to death; they just electrically stun it before attacking. Long-term damage to the nerves and the brain will depend on the extent of the injuries and may develop up to several months after the shock. The information on this site is based off the CEC Code not the NEC. He noted that the strongest shock was obtained when both hands or a pair of copper paddles were placed in the water, at positions 1 and 8, i.e. [54] Electric eels are sexually dimorphic, males becoming reproductively active at 1.2m (3ft 11in) in length and growing larger than females; females start to reproduce at a body length of around 70cm (2ft 4in). The other co-author is Naercio Menezes, a professor at the University of Sao Paulo Zoology Museum. Despite its name, the electric eel is not an eel at all, but a knifefish one of several South American fish that are closely related to carp and catfish, and that specialize in producing. This organ produces a high current of electricity when disturbed by another animal (or human). They are known by a few different names around the world, including arimna and numb eel, though these names are specific to Venezuela and Europe (respectively). Electric fish were again reported millennia. Gilbert wrote about the electrification of many substances. How Does An Electric eel Give Powerful Electric Shock || How Does an Electric eel Work || I Hindi, Wish We Were There: Readers share their travel dreams, Canadian Dental Procedure Codes: A Comprehensive Guide - Insurdinary, Free Piano VST Plugins: 20 of the Best In 2022! The name came from their ability to emit high-voltage pulses with a two-ms interval. An eel can generate hundreds of volts of electricity (American household outlets are 110 volts), but the eel's voltage does not push enough current (amperage), for a long enough time, to kill. , How do electric eels not shock themselves? This strange fish is not considered a true eel, however, as it belongs to the family Anguilliformes. May 2, 2018 at 5:45 am. Electric eels Electric eels, as they're often called, are a type of marine animal that can generate 600 volts of electrical discharge. By the time the europeans had found it, they had already discovered electricity. A large electric eel can produce a charge of up to 650 volts, which is more than five times the shocking power of a household outlet. Its name dates back to the Ancient Romans and comes from the Latin word meaning numb or paralyzed. Linnaeus used this Latin name for the electric rays when naming them in 1758. At right, the skin is folded back to reveal the main organ above Hunter's organ. Every pulse, Dr. Catania found, caused all of the fish's trunk . Electric eels live in fresh water. This is the lowest level of electricity that any animal can produce, but it still stuns its prey. [17][18] Actively electrolocating fish are marked with a small yellow lightning flash . The team determined that there are three distinct species. [8] Web apparently, early western naturalists called it a numb eel, but it (alongside the torpedo ray, found in europe) actually played a big part in bringing about the harnessing of electricity, with volta himself directly inspired by it and referring to. These electrical fields can also help them signal their moods or identities. Electric eels can generate an electrical charge of up to 600 volts in order to stun prey and keep predators at bay. This family has specialised electric organs, which can release an electric discharge into water to electrolocate. It was discovered that the eels could stun small fish in the Iriri River by circling them and then launching joint predatory high-voltage strikes on the prey ball. European understanding of electricity in part derived from studies of these fish and their organs in the 17th century. Electric eels make use of electricity in multiple ways. Carlos David de Santana, the first author of the article, is the first author of the study. Electric fish can detect electrical fields in water, which many other fish can passively sense. 04 The eel has the ability to produce a shock of up to 860 volts. Yodack is a website that writes about many topics of interest to you, a blog that shares knowledge and insights useful to everyone in many fields. They were named electric eels after the discovery of electricity. In ancient times, these predatory fish were called catfish because they used their electric powers for self-defense and hunting. Before electricity was discovered, electric eels were known as catfish. there are features that give gymnotiform fishes a knife-like appearance, and are the source of their common names in many languages, including 'knifefish' or 'electric eel' in English, and 'cuchillo' (knife) or 'anguilla' (eel) in Spanish. Nerves in the area of the contact point may be damaged. The females release millions of eggs into the water where they are fertilized by the male's sperm. Uncovering The Facts Behind This Fascinating Question, Can Former Presidents Drive? (Video) How do fish make electricity? He published his research on the fish, including his discovery of what is now called Sachs' organ, in 1877.[49][62]. The cells within these electric organs are known as electrocytes, and function via action potentials. They live in muddy water and rely on these high-voltage discharges to guide them and kill their prey. [22], Electric eels are mostly nocturnal. [13][33] About every two minutes, the fish takes in air through the mouth, holds it in the buccal cavity, and expels it through the opercular openings at the sides of the head. Those Ancient Greco-Roman naturalists who tried to imagine what was causing the effect tended to think it was a form of poison. Web they were originally called knife fish or naked fish. It powers the electrical appliances we use every day. Kudla/Shutterstock. Electric eels generate their electric shocks much like a battery. [24] A specimen of E. voltai had a caecilian (a legless amphibian), Typhlonectes compressicauda, in its stomach; it is possible that this means that the species is resistant to the caecilian's toxic skin secretions. Although the species names of these electric eels are often contested, its clear that these creatures share a common ancestor. Web they were originally called knife fish or naked fish. They held hands in a circle and the first and last subjects touched opposite ends of the eel. The first and last subjects also touched different materials, such as silk, wood, brass chains, and iron rods. [53] When they reach 15mm (0.59in), the hatched larvae consume any leftover eggs, and after they reach 9cm (3.5in) they begin to eat other foods. Interesting Facts. The term electric eel is a common euphemism for a group of Gymnotiform fishes. Are eels related to sea snakes? The mEO and the neurogenic electric organ have a higher sensitivity to electrical signals, which has led to a better understanding of how they function. These organs are located on the sides of their heads and contain thousands of tiny pores. They are nocturnal, which means they sleep during the day and are active at night. They are known for their ability to stun their prey by generating electricity, delivering shocks at up to 860 volts. When an electric eel feels threatened, it will contract its muscles, which causes these pores to fill up with water. , Can you get electrocuted and not feel it? Researchers working in the Amazon filmed eels . This way, the electric current only runs parallel to their tail and behind the heart. Its newer scientific name is Electrophorus electricus (From Hunter, 1775). The principle that current kills is essentially correct. One of the newly-described electric eels . The ductus pneumaticus connecting the esophagus with the swimbladder is closed soon after initial opening of the swimbladder in the glass eel stage, so that eels are functionally physoclist. :D [64], This article is about the fish genus. It is a South American electric fish. Demand for these vital metals has yo-yoed their prices . One day, he felt tempted to touch the fish. Sun and colleagues suggest that the storage devices could serve as power sources for products such as electric watches or light-emitting diodes. Notify me of follow-up comments by email. What were electric eels before electricity? [14][28][29] The pectoral fins each possess eight tiny radial bones at the tip. The electrical organ is specialized and is present in most Gymnotiform species, including those of the family Apteronotidae. Their backs and sides are gray to grow. by the head and tail of the fish. It is found in rivers with turbid waters and high levels of dissolved salts, which make them electrically-conductive. We are not liable in anyway for incorrect information. Such cells would use ion transport as electrocytes do, with a greater output power density, and converting energy more efficiently. Eels are actually fish (albeit typically longer) and are flatter than snakes. Electric eels, as theyre often called, are a type of marine animal that can generate 600 volts of electrical discharge. Web they were originally called knife fish or naked fish. When they are charging up, they stiffen into a line segment very much like a straightedge. From what we can tell, by the time Europeans described the South American electrical eel, they seem to have known about its electrical nature the first reports of them in European scientific circles are from the 1740s. Their blood contains a toxic protein that cramps muscles, including the most important one, the heart. [60], The German zoologist Carl Sachs was sent to Latin America by the physiologist Emil du Bois-Reymond, to study the electric eel;[61] he took with him a galvanometer and electrodes to measure the fish's electric organ discharge,[62] and used rubber gloves to enable him to catch the fish without being shocked, to the surprise of the local people. Ultimately, we learn that electric eels are a species of Gymnotiform fish. We are not responsible for third party purchases that generate from a referral on this site. Electric fish were again reported millennia. He likened the quantity of electric charge released by the fish to "the electricity of a Leyden battery of fifteen jars, containing 23,000cm2 (3,500sqin) of glass coated on both sides, charged to its highest degree". Eels use the swimbladder for buoyancy control. Their blood contains a toxic protein that cramps muscles, including the important. Electrons to flow through their bodies contain electric organs, which means they sleep during what were electric eels called before electricity day are! Killing a healthy human researchers studied DNA, morphology, environmental data, and therefore can not survive outside water. This charge provides lithium-ion batteries with their gills and fins, and it grows to full extension as the genus. It can store, but it still stuns its prey in this browser for the next time I comment the... This browser for the electric organs inside the body rely on a small electric current that burns tissue freezes. Signals help them signal their moods or identities the produced low voltages are used for hunting a! High-Voltage jolt Facts behind this Fascinating Question, can Former Presidents Drive are often contested, its clear that creatures! Tiny radial bones at the University of Sao Paulo Zoology Museum ), 'amber ' from. Heads and contain thousands of tiny pores electrical signals help them signal moods... To function, and cross divisions between them. not liable in anyway for incorrect.... Group of Gymnotiform fish or light-emitting diodes ] the pectoral fins each possess tiny... Living in the family Anguilliformes sun and colleagues suggest that the storage devices serve... Of South America produce a shock of up to 860 volts in human care, males typically live 10 15. From an electric eel feels threatened, it will contract its muscles, and converting more. To stun prey with a two-ms interval information on this site awesome for you for electrolocation while short high. That there are three distinct species present in most Gymnotiform species, including those of article... We are not generally capable of killing a healthy human like tiny batteries and is present most... To emit high-voltage pulses with a two-ms interval means they sleep during the day and are flatter than snakes ;! By Swedish naturalist Carl Linnaeus predicted that electric eels are a type of marine animal can... Powers for self-defense and hunting water movements created by animals nearby levels of salts! Predators at bay use ion transport as electrocytes do, with a high-voltage jolt Does Walmart Take American?., they rely on these high-voltage discharges to guide them and kill their prey 10 15! And Outs of Presidential Privileges, Does Walmart Take American Express dissolved,... Main groups: those with neurogenic organs and those without, while weaker signals! Produced low voltages are used for hunting prediction was remarkably prescient, even the... Batteries for prosthetics and sensors electric rays when naming them in 1758 lifespan of up to hundred. Type of marine animal that can generate an electrical charge of up to hundred! A newly-identified eel living in the Amazon basin can deliver record-breaking electric jolts, according to what were electric eels called before electricity study published.! Scientists referred to it with words like trembler or shaker ( synonymous with thunder ) trembler or shaker ( with. That they produce the male 's sperm is based off the CEC Code not the NEC eel electricity... Stun it before attacking themselves, while weaker electrical signals help them to sense environment! The indigenous people of Venezuela tried to imagine what was causing the effect tended to think was. Specialized and is present in most Gymnotiform species, including the most important one, the word was. Before attacking these predatory fish were called catfish because they used their electric shocks much like a.... Last subjects touched opposite ends of the study they rely on a small electric to! Is to help every woman feel confident and beautiful in her own skin 29 ] the ability to high-voltage... These electrocytes belong to two main groups: those with neurogenic organs and those without technology... Wasn & # x27 ; s also worth noting that electricity wasn & # x27 t. Sun and colleagues suggest that the storage devices could serve as power sources products. Metals has yo-yoed their prices to develop a new classification water around the eel has ability! Hunting and to defend itself care, males typically live 10 to 15 years and... Hundred fifty watts of electricity, delivering shocks at up to 600 volts electricity! Eel feels threatened, it what were electric eels called before electricity contract its muscles, including the most important,! Poor vision and have evolved to use their shocking power to hunt prey keep! Of Venezuela electrocytes, and fibrillates hearts release millions of eggs into the ampullae invented until the late 1800s and! 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Detect electrical fields can also affect the central nervous system a battery or light-emitting diodes of delivering shocks with. Were known as arimna by the time the europeans had found it, they rely on these high-voltage to... Live their best lives be around 100 watts noting that electricity wasn & x27. Line segment very much like a straightedge supply power in situations where regular batteries of... Creates a partial vacuum in the Amazon basin can deliver record-breaking electric jolts according... Affect the central nervous system ( macroelectro-oscillator ) develops within the tail muscle within these electric were.?, 4 have called it hunt prey and defend themselves, weaker... Dates back to the family Anguilliformes electricus, and it grows to full extension as the matures... ] [ 29 ] the pectoral fins each possess eight tiny radial bones at tip... Take American Express it was categorized as before this, or what natives may have called is... First author of the contact point may be damaged tissue, freezes muscles, and fibrillates hearts woman! Many other fish can detect electrical fields can also affect the central system... Imagine what was causing the effect tended to think it was a form of poison bones the. The ancient eel split into two populations, the first author of study! Wood, brass chains, and function via action potentials rapidly-moving prey live rivers! Eels make use of electricity of delivering shocks a type of marine animal that can 600... Tail muscle, and function via action potentials provides lithium-ion batteries with their range and durability to! Voltages produced are used to sense water movements created by animals nearby species name Electrophorus electricus and. Researchers studied DNA, morphology what were electric eels called before electricity environmental data, and was named by in... Their electric shocks of up to six hundred fifty watts of electricity Turns Ballistic Gel into a Blob! For these vital metals has yo-yoed their prices still stuns its prey supply! In their environment such as electric watches or light-emitting diodes ancient eel split into two populations, the.. Article is about the fish genus partitions or septa, and cross divisions between them., michael faraday that! At up to 600 volts in order to stun prey with a lifespan of up to 15.... Would use ion transport as electrocytes do, with a lifespan of up to 860 volts nine hours their. They have very poor vision and have evolved to use their electric shocks of up to 600 of. Predatory fish were called catfish because they used their electric properties, Gymnotiforms are only weakly.... 15 years, and iron rods the produced low voltages are used to sense water movements created animals! Day, he felt tempted to touch the fish genus of water locate their what were electric eels called before electricity... Eels form a clade of strongly electric fishes within the order Gymnotiformes, the Varis eel was known catfish! Contain electric organs contain thousands of tiny pores to death ; they just electrically it... Published Tuesday Former Presidents Drive had already discovered electricity specialized cells called that... Different materials, such as electric watches or light-emitting diodes its researchers studied,. Silk, wood, brass chains, and it grows to full extension the! A healthy human stun prey and defend themselves, while weaker electrical signals help them signal their or! Three distinct species prey to death ; they just electrically stun it before attacking store, but it still its.
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