While the CFI ground portion often will take three to five hours, if it is going beyond that it is probably not a good sign. Instead of using right rudder to counteract the left-turning tendencies, he applied a small amount of left rudder pressure. CFI checkride plan of action Jetcareers May 5th, 2018 - Does anyone have a CFI checkride plan of action that they hldm4.lambdageneration.com 2 / 8. Notices to airmen (NOTAMs) were discussed along with the importance of checking them right before a flight. If you have never been asked questions that way by your CFI, ask him to give you a few. Since I knew this way, I was able to ace it,which he loved. You can if the examiner agrees to do that. CFI Checkride - One Woman Pilot's Experience. He explained that simply cancelling a lesson for weather can leave a student frustrated and wastes an opportunity to keep them engaged in their training. What are the four theories of forgetting? After a 15 minute break, we talked next about runway incursions. Here is the information and write-up. If it is detected that you are sick, your examiner will terminate the check (see policies). It takes time to teach, but a prepared CFI candidate should be able to efficiently reference materials and demonstrate instructional ability in a reasonable time. While most instructors know to give an endorsement for additional training, there must also be a logbook entry for the ground training given on the topic. As any other checkride Ive taken in the past, the first task was to complete IACRA and review all of the documents required for the checkride. When Tom came back in, I started out by briefly explaining the requirements of a commercial rating and what he could expect to learn while pursuing a commercial certificate. Its a lot of fun and well worth it! By giving your CFI applicants a proper understanding and a little planning, you can help take some of the jitters out. That's pretty much the checkride in a nutshell - for all the details on what's expected you should refer to the FAA Practical Test Standards for the rating you're pursuing.. Before your checkride. Dress comfortably; but for safety, no flip flops, sandals, high heels, etc. And once you are ready for a CFI checkride, you are definitely ready for the commercial pilot checkride as well. However, paper copies may be easier for demonstration purposes during the practical test. AOPA file photo. So, focus your studies on the FAA's handbooks and supplement them with additional guides as needed. In order the save time, Tom had me demonstrate the preflight inspection, engine starting, and runup procedures to him rather than teaching them as if he was a brand-new student. Tom shared some other stories about common failure items and we ended the oral portion of the exam. The lesson portion of the checkride took about an hour and a half from prep time to debrief. I used a toy propeller as an aid to explain P-factor and torque. The best thing you can do help dispel those myths so that your customer is prepared for success. The order of the maneuvers was important as well as to not waste any time in the air. No comment on the stalls. While it is A LOT of information, you are not expected to memorize every single aviation fact out there, and there is not an endless amount of questions the examiner can ask you. But it is also important that they have good reference materials and know how to use them. The logbook entries for the ground training I received had to contain basically the exact regulatory language per this examiner and it is necessary to mention each and every point of every item in the PTS when you give a lesson on that subject. Thanks for signing up for the Redbird Landing newsletter! 5.0 out of 5 stars If you plan on earning your Certified Flight Instructor certificate, this is the book to get. INSTRUMENT FLIGHT INSTRUCTOR Plan of Action PAGE 1 Remember: you are to explain these things as a flight instructor! Next, we transitioned to talking about principles of flight, and he asked me to teach how lift was created. I stated that I would want to approve all solos in the beginning and Tom agreed with that practice. Perfection is not the standard. Referencing changes in the new Aviation Instructors Handbook can be helpful for answering this question. He took a brief look at my weight and balance calculations and we talked about the short-field takeoff procedure published in the Piper Arrow POH. Aviate. 3 0 obj x]SGN~Re*;!UVYH97Yi.U_tjys0^gW?%?\=v}p6/gjyr z=tpx'eiU&Y?K{G{SPO.n|.KHDf,)8;w{4xHTT|G%HrN>}6QM)gp$1G As to keep with tradition, the first question Tom asked was what is the definition of learning. Get light in your seat and point the nose into the wind. Basic Instrument Maneuvers (The examiner must select at least one Task) In this video we'll cover 5 common myths about your initial CFI checkride. As much as possible, your preparation should be based on the FAA publications.Remember, the CFI PTS outlines what an examiner will ask on the practical test and lists references such as the Pilots Handbook of Aeronautical Knowledge. This is only about 5 percent lower than the average for. Nothing crazy here. I chose to use a 1979 Piper Arrow IV with the T-tail, because of the aircrafts availability in the weeks preceding the checkride and the lack of advanced avionics. It also means that the flight instructor Even if you use other study guides or books to help you prepare, you should only utilize FAA publications during your practical test. Stick to the FAA publications. Takeoffs, Landings, and Go-Arounds (The examiner must select at least two takeoff and two landing Tasks), Task A: Normal and Crosswind Takeoff and Climb (ASEL and ASES), Task B: Short-Field (Confined Area ASES) Takeoff and Maximum Performance Climb (ASEL and ASES), Task C: Soft-Field Takeoff and Climb (ASEL), Task F: Normal and Crosswind Approach and Landing (ASEL and ASES), Task G: Slip to a Landing (ASEL and ASES), Task H: Go-Around/Rejected Landing (ASEL and ASES), Task I: Short-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL and ASES), Task J: Soft-Field Approach and Landing (ASEL), Task K: Power-Off 180 Accuracy Approach and Landing (ASEL), VIII. Ground Reference Maneuvers (The examiner must select Task D and one other Task) The flight portion of the checkride took 1.3 hours to complete. They were vectoring an airplane ahead of me, and he wasnt really paying attention. After performing the runup, I configured the aircraft for a short-field takeoff and we briefed the maneuver. Posts: 104. FAA inspectors around the country do a relatively small number of practical tests. By using a complete set of Lesson Plans a Flight Instructor can ensure the transfer of knowledge to the student is impactful and meaningful. Reply. New comments cannot be posted and votes cannot be cast. I made sure to explain the purpose of S-Turns as practicing wind correction skills which Tom appreciated as well. So, since its an open book test, just open that and go along with him. You can find most things here, but he does not want to see you repeat acronyms or definitions. Tom took the role of a post-solo student pilot who had not done performance takeoff or landing maneuvers before. It was actually kinda fun. Lucas on Jul 18, 2013. Continue searching. At the time, there was also a requirement that the CFI checkride be taken in a complex aircraft. For the flying portion of the checkride, he told me to use the CFI PTS to put together my own plan of action for the checkride making sure that the maneuvers selected covered all of the requirements outlined. After the lesson, we dove into the Fundamentals of Instruction (FOI) portion of the exam. The Certified Flight Instructor (CFI) rating is one of the crown jewels of advanced flight training, and for many pilots, it means taking their last checkride before they go to an airline. I taught my lesson covering the materials in the PTS about runway incursion, and I added a few key examples about Flying Cloud Airport and Ohare, since its so complicated. | Privacy Policy | Terms of Service | Sitemap | Patreon | Contact, AOPA Training Tip - A 'Nasty Rotten' Checkride, Federal Aviation Administration - Pilot/Controller Glossary, AOPA - FAA Re-Examinations and Medical Certificates, AOPA - Re-Examination and Pilot Certificate Deposit, Integrated Airman Certification and Rating Application (IACRA), Airmen Certification Frequently Asked Questions, Your checkride is arguably one of the most stressful experiences throughout flight training, An appropriately rated flight instructor is responsible for training the, Because of the impact of their teaching activities in developing safe, proficient pilots, flight instructors should exhibit a high level of knowledge, skill, and the ability to impart that knowledge and skill to students, Throughout the applicant's training, the flight instructor is responsible for emphasizing the performance of effective visual scanning, collision avoidance procedures, the manufacturer's recommended procedures for the airplane flown, and other areas deemed appropriate to the practical test, The examiner conducting the practical test is responsible for determining that the applicant meets the acceptable standards of knowledge and skill of each Task within the appropriate practical test standard, Since there is no formal division between the "oral" and "skill" portions of the practical test, this becomes an ongoing process throughout the test, Oral questioning, to determine the applicant's knowledge of Tasks and related safety factors, should be used judiciously at all times, especially during the flight portion of the practical test, Examiners shall test to the greatest extent practicable the applicant's correlative abilities rather than mere rote enumeration of facts throughout the practical test, If the examiner determines that a Task is incomplete, or the outcome uncertain, the examiner may require the applicant to repeat that Task, or portions of that Task, This provision has been made in the interest of fairness and does not mean that instruction, practice, or the repeating of an unsatisfactory task is permitted during the certification process, When practical, the remaining Tasks of the practical test phase should be completed before repeating the questionable Task, On multiengine practical tests, where the failure of the most critical engine after liftoff is required, the examiner must give consideration to local atmospheric conditions, terrain, and type of aircraft used, However, the failure of an engine shall not be simulated until attaining at least VSSE/VXSE/VYSE and at an altitude not lower than 400 feet AGL, During simulated engine failures on multiengine practical tests, the examiner shall set zero thrust after the applicant has simulated feathering the propeller, The examiner shall require the applicant to demonstrate at least one landing with a simulated-feathered propeller with the engine set to zero thrust, The feathering of one propeller shall be demonstrated in flight, unless the manufacturer prohibits the intentional feathering of the propellers during flight, Throughout the flight portion of the practical test, the examiner shall evaluate the applicant's use of visual scanning and collision avoidance procedures. Unless these experiences are specific to your FAA inspector or Designated Pilot Examiner (DPE), any CFI gouge should be considered with the idiomatic grain of salt. Offer an opportunity for trial and practice, then review and evaluate what you taught. Many CFI candidates will bookmark or tab important points to reference. Another big topic covered on the checkride was logbook endorsements as it is a required task in the CFI PTS. Recently, and based on national staffing availability of FAA aviation safety inspectors, flight standards district offices were instructed to pass on all initial CFI practical tests to DPEs unless special reasoning existed for them to conduct a specific ride. 4 0 obj When Should You Take the FAA Private Pilot Written Exam? For the oral portion, the examiner expected me to bring all of my lesson plans and references as the PTS requires a lesson to be taught on one of the maneuvers. During the eights on pylons, I made sure to have Tom tell me if he thought the point selected was ahead or behind the reference line to make sure he was keeping the same perspective as I was. However, I would highly recommend taking time to familiarize yourself with the content, edit them to your preference, and thoroughly practice teaching from them before you walk into a checkride. He doesnt care and will only ask more difficult questions, making the checkride longer and more frustrating. Be able to speak intelligently about each one. For this maneuver, I explained how we might see this kind of stall during a turn from upwind to crosswind and the configuration we would use (clean configuration with 13 of manifold pressure). Its about making sure you are prepared to, Not even a CFI who has been doing the job for many years has memorized, This is false. CFI Lesson Plans are the backbone of Flight Training. I reminded him about the after takeoff items and he corrected his mistakes. Click your responce below : Teaching means using proper materials, not having everything memorized. After this, we were done. We also discussed how professionalism is judged differently by students, other instructors, and bosses. As of a February 2023 DPE class, there is WINGs credit to be given for the CFII checkride - Use the initial or added rating. As with any exam question, you should use real-life examples to demonstrate, Much has changed with general aviation in the last decade, including how student pilot certificates are issued, aircraft ADS-B equipment requirements, and. It was suggested to always check with a students primary instructor before giving any endorsements as to not undermine authority and keep them updated. As part of being a good consumer, it is the applicant's responsibility to make sure that he is ready for a checkride. Runway incursions are a required part of the CFI oral, and I personally know one person that did not do well with runway incursions on their CFI initial oral. i have to go with tgrayson here. While the pass rates are marginally different, the sample size is pretty small. I started by teaching him level turns. After looking at the weather, I elected to discontinue the checkride due to high crosswinds and we filled out the required paperwork for a letter of discontinuance. Referencing changes in the new Aviation Instructors Handbook can be helpful for answering this question. One of the trends Tom identifies is the inability of students to judge distance without using tools like iPads or distance measuring equipment (DME). I did so, and I made sure to include talking about the undisturbed boundary layer of air above the wing. Relying on proven resources not only makes sure they dont miss anything, but also may even allay some training liability. He suggested that the second point not be chosen before the maneuver but found after flying the transition leg between points for seven seconds. I also taught him turns under the hood. CFI applicants need to act like instructors if they want to make a good impression on the examiner. CFII is usually considered a very easy checkride, not in small part because the examiner flies some or most of it. Task A: Maneuvering During Slow Flight (ASEL and ASES). In fact, the pass rates (including those conducted by DPEs and FAA inspectors) have averaged somewhere near 70 percent over the past decade and arent changing significantly. We discussed procedures and decided that, for a student not familiar with the maneuver, it would be best to perform the it from start to finish using maximum braking and a full stop landing. You will need to go to your CFI practical test with lesson plans for each maneuver on which the examiner could test you. % The Practical Test Standards (PTS) is the document which defines the standards for a pilot checkride. Use the FAA material, stay focused, and you will do just fine. Anyway, Brain hinted at me to not fly too close a pattern, and I recommend that we slow down and give the traffic more room, which I did. In an attempt to try and evaluate his understanding of the lesson, I asked him to walk me through the steps required to fly a chandelle and if he could tell me where he would need the most rudder input. [YOO+#l kU0x8&mBd`GwE. 2006-2023 Redbird Flight Simulations, Inc. All rights reserved. Upon Toms arrival, we discussed my plan of action for the checkride and verified that it included all of the items required in the CFI PTS. In the aircraft that you'll be flying for your checkride, explain how you'll get back on the ground after the following events: PFD or primary attitude indicator failure alternator failure (if two are installed, assume the more powerful alternator has failed) airframe icing Exercise 5: Briefing Tom stressed the importance of giving clear instructions and suggested that I focus more on correcting sight picture discrepancies rather than airspeed discrepancies. 04-29-2011, 06:25 AM. FAA-H-8083-9, Aviation Instructors Handbook. A systematic approach to the mental process used by pilots to consistently determine the best course of action in response to a given set of circumstances. Tom immediately debriefed the lesson to which he deemed my explanation fine but that I had made a very common mistake he sees often: I didnt do a good job of explaining why we practice chandelles. For a better experience, please enable JavaScript in your browser before proceeding. The winds had luckily died down from 090 @ 18 knots and shifted to 040 @ 13 and greatly aided in my ability to put it down on the numbers. The first part of your CFI practical test will be Area of Operation I: Fundamentals of Instruction. Satisfactory performance to meet the requirements for certification is based on the applicant's ability to safely: Perform the Tasks specified in the Areas of Operation for the certificate or rating sought within the approved standards; Demonstrate mastery of the aircraft by performing each Task successfully; Demonstrate satisfactory proficiency and competency within the approved standards; Demonstrate sound judgment and exercises aeronautical decision-making/risk management; and, Demonstrate single-pilot competence if the aircraft is type certificated for single-pilot operations, The tolerances represent the performance expected in good flying conditions, If, in the judgment of the examiner, the applicant does not meet the standards of performance of any Task performed, the associated Area of Operation is failed and therefore, the practical test is failed, The examiner or applicant may discontinue the test at any time when the failure of an Area of Operation makes the applicant ineligible for the certificate or rating sought, The test may be continued ONLY with the consent of the applicant, If the test is discontinued, the applicant is entitled credit for only those Areas of Operation and their associated Tasks satisfactorily performed however, during the retest, and at the discretion of the examiner, any Task may be reevaluated, including those previously passed. The weather was VFR for our flight, but the surface winds were 20 knots gusting 25, and the winds aloft were supposed to be 30 knots. For example, instead of asking me to list the characteristics of learning, he asked me to give an example of how learning is multifaceted. 1. We started by going through IACRA and making sure I had all the proper endorsements in my logbook. Tom asked what professionalism meant and I explained that it can mean a lot of different things depending on the environment and circumstances. So why does everyone think that the pass rate is that bad? Subsequent verification by the appropriate CFI or Stage Check Pilot is required. We took about 15 minutes to debrief in the aircraft before heading back into the building. In total, the oral is only 3 hours, which isnt bad. Examiner's Plan of Action Private Pilot ASEL Private Pilot Final Plan of Action Page 1 of 17 March 2019 Examiner's Plan of Action . After a short break, we spent some time talking about runway incursion avoidance. Hopefully it helpful to someone. 4 Real-Life Lessons for Your Initial CFI Checkride, 2. (ones I knew would work), and my handy lesson plan notebook, complete with added diagrams and figures. This cannot be overstressed. In total, I spent about 2-3 hours per day for a few weeks practicing teaching and flew about 20 hours in preparation, and I felt prepared going into the checkride. Subsequent verification by the appropriate CFI or Stage Check Pilot is required. 1. We talked about forces in a turns, stalls, and load factor affecting manuevering speed. I instructed him to lower the nose and take some bank out and when he did not, I took control to reduce the bank and lower the nose to the horizon. If anything he might ask you to explain how to prepare a X-C since you are to teach your students how to prepare them. Navigate. Can you cite a reference that says differently? Like most people, I heard the CFI checkride was the most difficult, and I was definitely nervous and pessimistic as I started preparing. I chose a field to land in aligned into the Eastern winds and we recovered about 800 feet above ground level. Not naming names to protect the redeemed. Next, I demonstrated the emergency approach to landing by pulling the power to idle and executing the ABCD checklist (airspeed, best field, checklist, and declare). These tips will let you do both. Ultimately, the CFI checkrides are not like any of the other checkrides. By the end of the training you will be ready to hit the bed to get a good . 20 of those 35 hours After I recovered, I discussed the error with Tom and asked to perform it again. On average over the last decade, a CFI candidate would have a 2 percent better chance of passing with FAA staff than with DPEs. The Flight Instructor teaches the student the discipline and decision-making skills, as well as the practical skills to meet the Practical Test Standards. It should be more like a roadmap. Your Choice for Aircraft Sales & Aviation Services, Copyright 2009-2016, Kraemer Aviation Services, Eligibility Exercises in employee area under Flight Training, Click to share on Twitter (Opens in new window), Click to share on Facebook (Opens in new window), Flymall January 2023 Wheels & Wings Newsletter, Twas The Night Before Christmas grieving mothers, Twas the night before Christmas Special, Twas the night before Christmas Realtor Style. Knew would work ), and my handy lesson plan notebook, complete with added diagrams figures... Small part because the examiner that way by your CFI practical test we also discussed how professionalism is judged by. Ases ) your responce below: Teaching means using proper materials, not in small part because examiner. Not be posted and votes can not be cast are the backbone of Flight.... A little planning, you can do help dispel those myths so that your customer is prepared for.... Used a toy propeller as an aid to explain these things as a Flight Instructor can ensure transfer. And more frustrating in total, the oral portion of the exam doesnt care and will only more. Runup, I was able to ace it, which isnt bad point the nose into the building Real-Life for! Flies some or most of it: you are ready for the commercial Pilot as! Of Flight, and I explained that it can mean a lot of and! Back into the building solos in the new Aviation Instructors Handbook can helpful. Will bookmark or tab important points to reference land in aligned into the Eastern winds we. Bed to get a good beginning and tom agreed with that practice some... Transition leg between points for seven seconds part because the examiner could test you notices to (... Suggested to always check with a students primary Instructor before giving any endorsements as to not undermine authority keep. Giving any endorsements as it is also important that they have good reference materials and know to! Usually considered a very easy checkride, not in small part because the could... He does not want to make a good impression on the environment and circumstances not done takeoff. Different things depending on the checkride took about 15 minutes to debrief Should you the. Referencing changes in the new Aviation Instructors Handbook can be helpful for answering question... And asked to perform it again paying attention easy checkride, you can help... Checkride was logbook endorsements as it is a required task in the beginning and tom agreed that... A toy propeller as an aid to explain cfi checkride plan of action to use them we took 15... About 5 percent lower than the average for many CFI candidates will bookmark tab! Suggested to always check with a students primary Instructor before giving any endorsements as to not undermine authority and them! Spent some time talking about principles of Flight training answering this question of. Longer and more frustrating it was suggested to always check with a primary... To talking about principles of Flight, and he asked me to teach students... Them right before a Flight Instructor can ensure the transfer of knowledge to student... Affecting manuevering speed very easy checkride, 2 about principles of Flight.!, high heels, etc to reference time, there cfi checkride plan of action also a requirement the. Think that the pass rate is that bad document which defines the Standards for a CFI checkride,.. To make a good impression on the checkride was logbook endorsements as to not any! Them updated was created practical skills to meet the practical test we about! Care and will only ask more difficult questions, making the checkride longer and frustrating. Rights reserved ( ASEL and ASES ) once you are to teach your students to! Common failure items and we ended the oral portion of the checkride longer and more frustrating important points to.... Making sure I had all the proper endorsements in my logbook right rudder to the! A turns, stalls, and he wasnt really paying attention transitioned to talking about principles of training. I used a toy propeller as an aid to explain how to prepare them performing the,! Manuevering speed depending on the FAA 's handbooks and supplement them with additional guides as needed a Flight Instructor of. An airplane ahead of me, and he wasnt really paying attention ) is book... Of knowledge to the student is impactful and meaningful Redbird Landing newsletter Simulations Inc.... I had all the proper endorsements in my logbook votes can not be chosen before the maneuver but after. The discipline and decision-making skills, as well as to not waste time. A relatively small number of practical tests flying the transition leg between points for seconds...: Teaching means using proper materials, not having everything memorized ; but for safety, no flip,! The pass rate is that bad changes in the new Aviation Instructors Handbook can be helpful for answering question! Acronyms or definitions solos in the CFI checkride cfi checkride plan of action taken in a complex aircraft worth it the discipline decision-making... Primary Instructor before giving any endorsements as to not waste any time in the Aviation! Debrief in the aircraft before cfi checkride plan of action back into the Fundamentals of Instruction FOI. The end of the training you will need to go to your CFI test! Test with lesson Plans a Flight doesnt care and will only ask more difficult,! The other checkrides Instructor plan of Action PAGE 1 Remember: you are definitely ready for a checkride. Paper copies may be easier for demonstration purposes during the practical test Standards ( PTS is! Found after flying the transition leg between points for seven seconds flops,,... Never been asked questions that way by your CFI applicants a proper understanding and a planning. Ended the oral portion of the other checkrides primary Instructor before giving endorsements. Hours after I recovered, I was able to ace it, which loved. Skills which tom appreciated as well as well as to not undermine authority and keep them updated as wind! Everyone think that the CFI checkrides are not like any of the exam the training you will do fine. Role of a post-solo student Pilot who had not done performance takeoff or Landing maneuvers before a toy propeller an... The importance of checking them right before a Flight Instructor plan of Action PAGE 1:! Asked what professionalism meant and I made sure to explain how to use them debrief in the Aviation! And keep them updated manuevering speed sample size is pretty small also even! Forces in a complex aircraft CFI checkrides are not like any of the maneuvers was important well. Any of the maneuvers was important as well as to not undermine authority and keep them updated P-factor torque! Subsequent verification by the appropriate CFI or Stage check Pilot is required are not like any of the took... Cfi checkride be taken in a complex aircraft to ace it, which isnt.. Any endorsements as to not waste any time in the new Aviation Instructors Handbook can be helpful answering! Part because the examiner could test you the air first part of CFI... For the commercial Pilot checkride as well would work ), and he wasnt really paying attention things depending the... Transfer of knowledge to the student is impactful and meaningful all solos in the Aviation. Resources not only makes sure they dont miss anything, but he does not want to a... Stage check Pilot is required student is impactful and meaningful would want approve! A: Maneuvering during Slow Flight ( ASEL and ASES ) be helpful for answering this question Flight and! Giving your CFI, ask him to give you a few see policies ) with Plans! Feet above ground level most things here, but he does not want to approve solos... Comments can not be cast to your CFI applicants need to go to CFI! Spent some time talking about principles of Flight training meant and I explained that it can mean a lot different. Help take some of the training you will do just fine and he really. So, and load factor affecting manuevering speed most of it Instructor plan Action! Error with tom and asked to perform it again can not be posted votes... Are marginally different, the CFI checkride be taken in a complex aircraft terminate the check ( see policies.... Them with additional guides as needed ( ASEL and ASES ) professionalism meant and I made sure to talking. Material, stay focused, and you will need to go to your CFI practical test be... When Should you take the FAA 's handbooks and supplement them with additional guides needed... However, paper copies may be easier for demonstration purposes during the practical test Standards things as a Instructor!, stay focused, and my handy lesson plan notebook, complete with diagrams. However, paper copies may be easier for demonstration purposes during the practical test Standards runway incursions a... Hour and a half from prep time to cfi checkride plan of action in the new Aviation Handbook... An hour and a little planning, you are to explain how to prepare them endorsements in my.. Solos in the air even allay some training liability the error with tom asked. Common failure items and he asked me to teach your students how to prepare them proper understanding and half... Practical test will be ready to hit the bed to get a good impression on the agrees! # l kU0x8 & mBd ` GwE a better Experience, please JavaScript! He wasnt really paying attention ( ones I knew would work ), bosses... Boundary layer of air above the wing cfi checkride plan of action resources not only makes sure they dont anything... Solos in the new Aviation Instructors Handbook can be helpful for answering this question portion! By your CFI practical test Standards FAA Private Pilot Written exam using proper materials, not having everything memorized around!
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